Sensing Glucose in Urine and Serum and Hydrogen Peroxide in Living Cells by Use of a Novel Boronate Nanoprobe Based on Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy

Abstract

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is known as a key molecule in a variety of biological processes, as well as a crucial byproduct in many enzymatic reactions. Therefore, being able to selectively and sensitively detect H2O2 is not only important in monitoring, estimating and decoding H2O2 relevant physiological pathways, but also very helpful in developing enzymatic-based biosensors towards other analytes of interest. Herein, we report a plasmonic probe for H2O2 based on 3-mercaptophenylboronic acid (3-MPBA) modified gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) which is coupled with surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) to yield a limit of detection (LOD) of 70 nM. Our probe quantifies both exogenous and endogenous H2O2 levels in living cells and can further be coupled with glucose oxidase (GOx) to achieve quantitative and selective detection of glucose in artificial urine and human serum.

Surface‐Enhanced Raman Nanoprobes with Embedded Standards for Quantitative Cholesterol Detection

“…First, cholesterol is oxidized with ChOx to produce H 2 O 2 . Then 4‐MPBA molecules are converted into 4‐HBT via selective oxidization of their boronate group into a hydroxyl group by H 2 O 2 . Throughout the process, their corresponding SERS spectra are monitored.…”

“…4‐mercaptophenylboronic acid (4‐MPBA) are immobilized on the external surface of the Ag shells (Au@BDT@Ag@MPBA) as the probe molecules for quantification of H 2 O 2 . 4‐MPBA selectively and efficiently reacts with H 2 O 2 converting it into 4‐hydroxybenzenethiol (4‐HBT), thereby changing the SERS signal. We further couple Au@BDT@Ag@MPBA with cholesterol oxidase (ChOx), a highly cholesterol‐specific and sensitive enzyme, to quantify cholesterol via H 2 O 2 yielded from the oxidation of cholesterol during catalysis by ChOx .…”

Electrochemical Synthesis of Polypyrrole, Reduced Graphene Oxide, and Gold Nanoparticles Composite and Its Application to Hydrogen Peroxide Biosensor

“…For example, glucose oxidase can catalyze glucose to the oxidized form—gluconolactone, and the reaction process is accompanied with the consumption of oxygen as well as the liberation of hydrogen peroxide [15]. Therefore, the accurate and rapid detection of hydrogen peroxide is not only important in monitoring and decoding relevant physiological pathways for hydrogen peroxide, but also very helpful in developing enzymatic-based biosensors for other analytes of interest [23,24]. Despite a staggering number of publications on hydrogen peroxide biosensor design, the market is still far from meeting many key end-user needs [25].…”

Intracellular and Cellular Detection by SERS‐Active Plasmonic Nanostructures

“…Another H 2 O 2 sensor reported by Camden et al. was prepared by coating AuNPs with 3‐mercaptophenylboronic acid . Tan et al.…”