Electrochemical Synthesis of Polypyrrole, Reduced Graphene Oxide, and Gold Nanoparticles Composite and Its Application to Hydrogen Peroxide Biosensor

Abstract

Here we report a facile eco-friendly one-step electrochemical approach for the fabrication of a polypyrrole (PPy), reduced graphene oxide (RGO), and gold nanoparticles (nanoAu) biocomposite on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The electrochemical behaviors of PPy–RGO–nanoAu and its application to electrochemical detection of hydrogen peroxide were investigated by cyclic voltammetry. Graphene oxide and pyrrole monomer were first mixed and casted on the surface of a cleaned GCE. After an electrochemical processing consisting of the electrooxidation of pyrrole monomer and simultaneous electroreduction of graphene oxide and auric ions (Au3+) in aqueous solution, a PPy–RGO–nanoAu biocomposite was synthesized on GCE. Each component of PPy–RGO–nanoAu is electroactive without non-electroactive substance. The obtained PPy–RGO–nanoAu/GCE exhibited high electrocatalytic activity toward hydrogen peroxide, which allows the detection of hydrogen peroxide at a negative potential of about −0.62 V vs. SCE. The amperometric responses of the biosensor displayed a sensitivity of 40 µA/mM, a linear range of 32 µM–2 mM, and a detection limit of 2.7 µM (signal-to-noise ratio = 3) with good stability and acceptable reproducibility and selectivity. The results clearly demonstrate the potential of the as-prepared PPy–RGO–nanoAu biocomposite for use as a highly electroactive matrix for an amperometric biosensor.

Ex Situ Fabrication of Polypyrrole-Coated Core-Shell Nanoparticles for High-Performance Coin Cell Supercapacitor

“…Due to such structural characteristics, PPy can achieve thermal stability up to 150 °C. Therefore, various studies on the synthetic methods of PPy have been made through the chemical oxidation polymerization and the electrochemical polymerization [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ].…”

“…Proper control of the shape of the PPy is very important for high performance in a variety of applications, such as supercapacitors, chemical sensors, solar cells (SCs), fuel cells (FCs) and so forth [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ]. When PPy is made of nanomaterials, it has following advantages over bulk materials: (1) higher surface area; (2) better reactivity; (3) enhanced electrical conductivity [ 1 , 2 , 4 , 6 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ].…”

“…When PPy is made of nanomaterials, it has following advantages over bulk materials: (1) higher surface area; (2) better reactivity; (3) enhanced electrical conductivity [ 1 , 2 , 4 , 6 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ]. Studies on the synthesis of nanomaterials with various shapes such as nanorods (NRs), nanoparticles (NPs), and nanotubes (NTs) have been carried out using template-mediated methodologies [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ]. However, polymers including PPy are swollen and collapsed in the process of adsorption and desorption of electrolyte ions, resulting in problems of greatly reducing the performance and reliability of the electrode material [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 8 ].…”

“…Studies on the synthesis of nanomaterials with various shapes such as nanorods (NRs), nanoparticles (NPs), and nanotubes (NTs) have been carried out using template-mediated methodologies [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ]. However, polymers including PPy are swollen and collapsed in the process of adsorption and desorption of electrolyte ions, resulting in problems of greatly reducing the performance and reliability of the electrode material [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 8 ]. In addition, CPs including PPy have relatively low surface area (10 0 –10 1 m 2 g −1 ), lowering the ion exchange between the electrode and electrolyte [ 1 , 19 ].…”

Optical Detection of Ketoprofen by Its Electropolymerization on an Indium Tin Oxide-Coated Optical Fiber Probe

“…The cyclic voltammetry is a very valuable and convenient tool to monitor the electrode surface properties before and after each step of modification [ 33 ]. The electrochemical responses of the bare GC, ITO and ITO-LMR electrodes were investigated in a solution of 0.5 M Na 2 SO 4 containing 5 mM [Fe(CN) 6 ] 3−/4− .…”