Sensing and capture of toxic and hazardous gases and vapors by metal–organic frameworks

Abstract

Toxic and hazardous chemical species are ubiquitous, predominantly emitted by anthropogenic activities, and pose serious risks to human health and the environment. Thus, the sensing and subsequent capture of these chemicals, especially in the gas or vapor phase, are of extreme importance. To this end, metal-organic frameworks have attracted significant interest, as their high porosity and wide tunability make them ideal for both applications. These tailorable framework materials are particularly promising for the specific sensing and capture of targeted chemicals, as they can be designed to fit a diverse range of required conditions. This review will discuss the advantages of metal-organic frameworks in the sensing and capture of harmful gases and vapors, as well as principles and strategies guiding the design of these materials. Recent progress in the luminescent detection of aromatic and aliphatic volatile organic compounds, toxic gases, and chemical warfare agents will be summarized, and the adsorptive removal of fluorocarbons/chlorofluorocarbons, volatile radioactive species, toxic industrial gases and chemical warfare agents will be discussed.

Hydrophobic Metal–Organic Frameworks: Assessment, Construction, and Diverse Applications

“…Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), also called porous coordination polymers (PCPs), are a class of porous materials commonly obtained by the facile hydrothermal or solvothermal reactions of metal ions and bridging organic ligands at relatively low temperatures . In the past two decades, extensive research has been devoted to developing new MOFs and to exploring their application potential in many fields, such as gas storage, separation, catalysis, sensing, and biomedicine . Early on, a handful of MOFs was found to show a low affinity toward water and a permanent porosity, and this class of hydrophobic MOFs later received increasing attention due to their potential for use in practical adsorption and separation processes, even under humid conditions or in water.…”

“…

as gas storage, [31][32][33][34][35] separation, [36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48] catalysis, [49][50][51][52] sensing, [53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61] and biomedicine. [62][63][64] Early on, a handful of MOFs was found to show a low affinity toward water and a permanent porosity, and this class of hydrophobic MOFs later received increasing attention due to their potential for use in practical adsorption and separation processes, even under humid conditions or in water.

…”

Porous ZIF‐8 Thin Layer Coating on ZnO Hollow Nanofibers for Enhanced Acetone Sensing

“…Emerging as a new class of crystalline porous materials, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted tremendous attention over the past decades in various fields, especially in gas sensing. [17] Many studies have indicated that their unique features of regular pores, open-metal sites, and tunable structures provided MOF materials with easy access for potentially overcoming the selectivity problem in gas sensor. [18][19][20][21][22] For instance, Tian et al reported that the ZnO@ZIF-8 nanorod sensor exhibited a better selectivity for formaldehyde compared with the pristine ZnO sensor.…”

Insights into the Fluorescence Sensing Mechanism of Scandium‐Based Metal‐Organic Frameworks by Solid‐State NMR Spectroscopy

“…In general, as a specific analyte interacts with a luminescent MOFs, it may induce the change of luminescence intensity, either as an enhanced signal or depletion of the emission intensity ,. It is well known that interactions between the analyte and luminescent MOFs alter the MOFs electronic structure, and electron and energy transfer occur among the metal center, organic linker and analyte molecular.…”

“…[10] In general, as a specific analyte interacts with a luminescent MOFs, it may induce the change of luminescence intensity, either as an enhanced signal or depletion of the emission intensity. [5,11] It is well known that interactions between the analyte and luminescent MOFs alter the MOFs electronic structure, and electron and energy transfer occur among the metal center, organic linker and analyte molecular. However, it is still a challenging issue to study the interaction between the analyte species and luminescent MOFs from molecular level, and to know exactly which active sites on a framework the analyte species prefer binding, resulting in the change of emission characteristics?…”