Sense of coherence, self-esteem, and health locus of control in subjects with type 1 diabetes mellitus with/without satisfactory metabolic control

Abstract

Patients who fail to reach a satisfactory metabolic control tend to rely on significant others, trusting in the physicians' skills or on the efficiency of the health-care system. Strategies aimed at increasing self-efficacy and SOC, based on personal ability, are eagerly awaited to help patients improve diabetes care.

Relación entre sentido de coherencia y diabetes mellitus: una revisión sistemática

“…The results in the category of disease control were diverse. Some authors claim that there is a negative and significant correlation between SOC and the biomarkers, which suggests that people with a strong SOC will have lower triglyceride 24 , A1c 21,22,24,41 , LDL cholesterol 23 and BMI 22 levels. On the other hand, two studies suggest an indirect association between SOC and A1c, and that this relationship is mediated by health self-assessment 42 , AC, and psychopathological symptoms 43 .…”

“…In order to reduce the risk of showing results that could be influenced by other variables, 45% of the studies 20,[22][23][24][35][36][37]40,43 chose to control for variables and avoid bias in the inference of results. Different types of controlled variables were found: BMI, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), fat intake, tobacco use and alcoholism, family his-tory of DM, physical activity and inactivity, disease-related complications and time of diagnosis; biomedical variables such as AER and ESKD; and socio-demographic and psychological variables: stress and health self-assessment.…”

“…The evaluation of SOC and disease control produced mixed results. Several studies [21][22][23][24]41 infer that SOC helps reduce the levels of biomarkers such as A1c, triglycerides, LDL cholesterol and BMI. These findings could result from the fact that people with a strong SOC consume healthy foods, are physically active and generally have a better LS 24,25,[48][49][50][51][52]54 ; several studies have documented that some healthy LS behaviors, such as: healthy dietary choices, increased physical activity, and lower tobacco consumption, reduce the level of several biomarkers that relate to this metabolic syndrome [55][56][57] .…”

“…In the case of DM, studies have not allowed for a clear understanding of the role that SOC plays, given the contradictory nature of the results. It has been reported that a high SOC prevents the development of DM 20 , helps reduce the biomarker levels that relate to disease control [21][22][23] and improves overall lifestyle (LS) 24,25 ; however, there is no other research that presents similar findings 23,26,27 .…”

Diabetes distress in young adults with early‐onset Type 1 diabetes and its prospective relationship with HbA1c and health status

“…In addition, there are further psychological and cognitive factors that can affect successful diabetes management. These factors include depressive symptoms related to suboptimal self-management behaviour and clinical outcomes [2,4], and personality traits that determine the condition course [5][6][7]. Study results indicate that diabetes-tailored psychological interventions can reduce both elevated diabetes distress and HbA 1c [8].…”