Sensation-seeking, life events and depression

Farmer, Anne; Redman, Kate; Harris, Tirril; Mahmood, Arshad; Sadler, Stephanie; McGuffin, Peter

doi:10.1192/bjp.178.6.549

Cited by 33 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The attenuated association between depressive symptoms and suicide proneness when sensation seeking is high and alcohol use is low, may be another example of this phenomenon. Alternatively, there is some evidence to suggest that sensation seeking is inversely correlated with depressive symptoms, at least among depressed individuals (Carton, Jouvent, Bungener, & Widlöcher, 1992; Farmer et al, 2001). Depressed individuals often experience low levels of energy and a lack of motivation, which in turn, may decrease any desire to seek out novel and exciting opportunities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alcohol use, depressive symptoms, and impulsivity as risk factors for suicide proneness among college students

Dvorak¹,

Lamis²,

Malone³

2013

Journal of Affective Disorders

116

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BACKGROUND Alcohol use, depression, and suicide are significant public health problems, particularly among college students. Impulsivity is associated with all of these factors. Additionally, impulsivity increases the effects of negative mood and alcohol use on maladaptive behavior. METHODS The current cross-sectional study examined the association between the four-factor model of impulsivity (urgency, (lack of) perseverance, (lack of) premeditation, and sensation seeking), depressive symptoms, and alcohol use as predictors of suicide proneness among college students. Participants (n =1100) completed online assessments of demographics, impulsivity, depressive symptoms, and suicide proneness. RESULTS All predictors were positively related to suicide proneness. The relation between depressive symptoms and suicide proneness was moderated by (lack of) perseverance, alcohol use, and joint interactions of urgency × alcohol use and sensation seeking × alcohol use. Despite some paradoxical findings regarding the depressive symptoms-suicide proneness relation when only one risk factor was elevated, the average level of suicide proneness increased as risk factors increased. LIMITATIONS This cross-sectional self-report data comes from a non-clinical sample of college students from a homogeneous background, limiting generalizability and causal predictions. CONCLUSIONS Overall, these findings indicate that the association between depressive symptoms and suicide proneness varies considerably by different facets of impulsivity and alcohol use. The results suggest that clinical risk-assessments should weigh two forms of impulsivity (urgency and sensation seeking) as particularly vital in the presence of heavy alcohol use. These findings highlight the importance of considering and exploring moderators of the mood-suicide relationship.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alcohol use, depressive symptoms, and impulsivity as risk factors for suicide proneness among college students

Dvorak¹,

Lamis²,

Malone³

2013

Journal of Affective Disorders

116

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“…An animal sensation-seeking model has proved that rats with a high response to stress situations, high responders (HR) search through experiment stress unlike low responders (LR), because the high concentrations of glucocorticoids reinforce their tendency (Piazza et al, 1993). Alternatively in humans, high sensation-seeking trait scores are associated with protective mechanisms against life stress, and they do not relate with psychopathology and, specifically, with neurotic disorders (De Brabander, Hellemans, Bone, & Gerits, 1996;Farmer et al, 2001;Zuckerman & Neeb, 1979).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of the General Factor of Personality in Response to a Single Dose of Caffeine

2011

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General Factor of Personality (GFP) research is an emergent field in personality research. This paper uses a theoretical mathematical model to predict the short-term effects of a dose of a stimulant drug on GFP and reports the results of an experiment showing how caffeine achieves this. This study considers the General Factor of Personality Questionnaire (GFPQ) a good psychometric approach to assess GFP. The GFP dynamic mechanism of change is based on the Unique Trait Personality Theory (UTPT). This theory proposes the existence of GFP which occupies the apex of the hierarchy of personality, and extends from an impulsiveness-and-aggressiveness pole (approach tendency) to an anxiety-andintroversion pole (avoidance tendency). An experiment with 25 volunteers was performed. All the participants completed the GFPQ and the Sensation-Seeking Scale list of adjectives from the trait version of MAACL-R (Multiple Affect Adjective Checklist Revised) on an empty stomach. The participants in the experimental group (20) received 330 mg of caffeine. All the participants filled in a state version form with the sensation-seeking adjectives every 4.5 minutes. This study considers that the Sensation-Seeking Scale list of adjectives from the MAACL-R, available in both trait and state versions, is a good psychometric approach to assess GFP. The results show that GFP is modified by a single dose of caffeine in the direction predicted by the UTPT. Keywords: general factor of personality, unique trait, sensation seeking, personality dynamic model, caffeine.La investigación sobre el Factor General de Personalidad (FGP) es un campo emergente en la investigación sobre personalidad. Este artículo presenta un modelo matemático y teórico para predecir los efectos a corto plazo de una dosis de droga estimulante sobre el FGP y presenta los resultados de un experimento con café. El Cuestionario del Factor General de Personalidad (CFGP) es aquí considerado como una buena aproximación psicométrica para medir el FGP. Los mecanismos dinámicos de cambio del FGP están basados en la Teoría del Rasgo Único de Personalidad (TRUP). Esta teoría propone la existencia de un FGP que se sitúa en la cúspide de la estructura jerárquica de personalidad, y se extiende desde un polo de agresividad-impulsividad (tendencia de aproximación) hasta un polo de introversión-ansiedad (tendencia de evitación). Se llevó a cabo un experimento con 25 voluntarios. Todos los participantes cumplimentaron en ayunas el Cuestionario del Factor General de Personalidad (CFGP) y la lista de adjetivos de búsqueda de sensaciones del MAACL-R en su versión de rasgo. Los participantes del grupo experimental (20) recibieron 330 mg de cafeína. Todos los participantes cumplimentaron un cuestionario con los adjetivos de búsqueda de sensaciones, en su versión de estado, cada 4.5 minutos. En este estudio se considera que la escala de adjetivos de búsqueda de sensaciones del MAACL-R, tanto en versión rasgo como estado, es una buena aproximación psicométrica del FGP. Los resultados muestran que un...

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“…Depressed individuals (without PD) and individuals with anxiety disorders have reduced sensation seeking scores that do not vary with the degree of affect change during treatment of the mood state. 17 Sensation seeking is also negatively associated with familial susceptibility to depression 41 and individuals diagnosed as having depression in middle age have a higher risk of subsequently developing PD. 42 Finally, in the course of PD, depressive symptoms and anxiety are frequently seen but do not correlate well with indices of disease severity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between impulsive sensation seeking traits, smoking, alcohol and caffeine intake, and Parkinson's disease

Evans¹,

Lawrence²,

Potts³

et al. 2005

Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry

177

124

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Sensation-seeking, life events and depression

Abstract: The SSQ measures a familial personality trait and depression is associated with lower scores. Although high sensation-seeking is associated with a higher rate of life events, these carry little threat.

Cited by 33 publications

References 14 publications

Alcohol use, depressive symptoms, and impulsivity as risk factors for suicide proneness among college students

Alcohol use, depressive symptoms, and impulsivity as risk factors for suicide proneness among college students

Dynamics of the General Factor of Personality in Response to a Single Dose of Caffeine

Relationship between impulsive sensation seeking traits, smoking, alcohol and caffeine intake, and Parkinson's disease

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