Semiquantitative analysis of the thermal degradation of polypropylene

Ishikawa, Toshiyuki; Ohkawa, T.; Suzuki, Masaaki; Tsuchiya, Toshiaki; Takeda, Kunihiko

doi:10.1002/app.11819

Cited by 17 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(34 reference statements)

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“…When the calculation of the initial stage is required, the quantitative data are simulated using the degradation data at higher temperature and extrapolating them to the lower degradation region. The degradation paths and the scission products of several polymers were quantitatively simulated by the Molic-mouse method [60,61].…”

Section: Remarkable Phenomena Observed In the Experiments And Furthermentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-repairing mechanism of plastics

Takeda

Tanahashi

Unno

2003

Science and Technology of Advanced Materials

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The protection mechanism of a living body and man-made materials can be classified into two categories. One is a passive protection by which the body and materials are guarded by simple chemicals such as light absorbents, and the other is an active protection that repairs with metabolic reactions the internal injury suffered by many kinds of deterioration factors from the outside. Polyphenylene -ether was selected as a man-made material in which the metabolic reaction can be achieved in the atmosphere (21% of oxygen) and at room temperature (20 -40 8C). The polymer introduces oxygen as an energy source, transports it with copper-complex and repairs the scission point of the chain. Such active protections were attempted for several polymers and some advantages and problems were elucidated. In this paper, the mechanisms of active protections in some plastics are reviewed and are also compared with protection systems of a living body, which provide us with very useful information on the development of advanced materials. q

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Section: Remarkable Phenomena Observed In the Experiments And Furthermentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-repairing mechanism of plastics

Takeda

Tanahashi

Unno

2003

Science and Technology of Advanced Materials

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“…In this study, the data of the flame‐retardancy and the thermal degradation of SEBS with various flame‐retardants by the methods of thermal analyses and combustion tests have been analyzed 21, 22…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ABSTRACTS: Pediatric & Adult Interventional Cardiac Symposium (PICS/AICS 2013)

2012

Cathet Cardio Intervent

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Objective: To determine whether TTE can provide safety and efficacy equivalent to TEE for assessment and guidance of transcatheter ASD occlusion using the Amplatzer septal occluder (ASO) in pediatric patients. Background: Most centers currently employ TEE for definitive ASD assessment and guidance of transcatheter ASD occlusion with the ASO. Methods: A prospective randomized trial of ASD closure using the ASO from March 2008 to April 2012. Key inclusion criteria were: isolated secundum ASD, age 2-18 years, and adequate TTE windows. Forty patients were enrolled and randomized to either TEE or TTE. In the TEE group, we used conventional ''stop flow'' balloon sizing. In the TTE group, we used the average ASD diameter from three standard views times 1.2 to determine device size. Baseline and follow-up (1-2 days, 1 month, and 6-12 months) ECGs, TTEs, and examinations were obtained for all patients. Results: Patient general and hemodynamic characteristics were similar in both groups. Procedural success was 100% in both groups. The average TEE stop flow diameter was similar to the scaled TTE diameter (15.35 6 4.62 vs. 16.57 6 5.47 mm; P = 0.46). Device size (16.0 6 4.94 vs. 16.37 6 5.05 mm, P = 0.82) and ratio of device to defect size (1.0 6 0.06 vs. 0.99 6 0.03, P = 0.52) were also similar. Total fluoroscopy (13.6 6 6.17 vs. 8.9 6 8.45 min, P = 0.007), procedure (70.6 6 22.98 vs. 51.1 6 17.61 min, P = 0.005), and room (126.8 6 28.41 vs. 95.7 6 20.53 min, P = 0.0004) times were all significantly shorter in the TTE group. Neither group had significant procedural complications or in follow-up. Rates of shunt resolution were also similar. Conclusions: This study suggests that the use of TTE is as efficacious and safe as TEE for assessment and guidance of ASD occlusion using the ASO. Reduced fluoroscopy time appears to be a safety advantage of TTE. TTE may also reduce costs because of lower requirements for laboratory time and ancillary staff.

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“…Therefore, the authors have researched (1) the thermal degradation of polymers at the combustion temperatures, 5–8 (2) the relation between the degradation products and flammability, 9, 10 (3) the relation between physical form and combustibility, 11 (4) the carbon layer on the polymer surface, 8 and (5) theoretical analysis through computer simulation, 12, 13 to improve flame retardancy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of molecular weight of polyethylene on its flammability

Nakashima

Ueno

Yukumoto

et al. 2011

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Polyethylene has been widely applied in our society and is known to burn well. Many researchers have been studying to control the flammability of polyethylene when adding several catalysts. However, this study has confirmed the effect of the molecular weight on the flammability of polyethylene. This article displays combustion states of two different molecular weights of polyethylene. The low molecular weight of polyethylene did not ignite and the high molecular weight of polyethylene ignited and burned well. From this result, it was difficult for polyethylene to continue combustion under limited conditions, such as the vertical configuration of the materials, air circumstance, and low molecular weight. To analyze such behaviors, the relationship between combustion state and degradation behavior of polyethylene was compared to that of polypropylene (PP) and polystyrene. PP and polystyrene decomposed into small molecules directly through chain-end scission and that low-molecular weight scission products went to gas phase and reacted with oxygen and consequently fire around specimens during combustion. Polyethylene decomposed into relatively higher molecular weight scission products through random scission at primary degradation. The scission products further decomposed into lower molecular weight products with drip, which caused the combustion under specimens. There were no big differences in a weight loss temperature and scission products at high temperature between a low molecular weight of polyethylene and a high molecular weight of polyethylene. Therefore, the degradation and combustion behavior of scission products of polyethylene in primary degradation warrant further research on flame retardant of polyethylene.

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Semiquantitative analysis of the thermal degradation of polypropylene

Cited by 17 publications

References 25 publications

Self-repairing mechanism of plastics

Self-repairing mechanism of plastics

ABSTRACTS: Pediatric & Adult Interventional Cardiac Symposium (PICS/AICS 2013)

Effect of molecular weight of polyethylene on its flammability

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