Seminars: Controversies in the management of pediatric thyroid malignancy

Gingalewski, Cynthia; Newman, Kurt D.

doi:10.1002/jso.20704

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(9 reference statements)

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“…In the U.S., the 5-y survival rate is over 95% for all ages combined (Ries et al 2006), and although pediatric thyroid cancer often presents with lymph node involvement, the prognosis for children is even better than it is for adults (Gingalewski and Newman 2006). The number of reported thyroid cancer deaths following the accident has been relatively low (Ͻ1%).…”

Section: Clinical Features Of Chernobyl-related Thyroid Cancersmentioning

confidence: 96%

Thyroid Cancer Incidence Among People Living in Areas Contaminated by Radiation From the Chernobyl Accident

Ron

2007

Health Physics

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As a result of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident, massive amounts of radioactive materials were released into the environment and large numbers of individuals living in Belarus, Russia, and Ukraine were exposed to radioactive iodines, primarily 131I. Iodine-131 concentrated in the thyroid gland of residents of the contaminated areas, with children and adolescents being particularly affected. In the decade after the accident, a substantial increase in thyroid cancer incidence was observed among exposed children in the three affected countries, and compelling evidence of an association between pediatric thyroid cancer incidence and radiation exposure to the thyroid gland accumulated. The data currently available suggest that both the magnitude and patterns of thyroid cancer risk are generally consistent with those reported following external exposure. Based on data from case-control studies, iodine deficiency appeared to enhance the risk of developing thyroid cancer following exposure from Chernobyl. Results from a recent large cohort study, however, did not support these findings. Data on adult exposure are limited and not entirely consistent. Similarly, information on thyroid cancer risks associated with in utero exposure is insufficient to draw conclusions. The lack of information on these two population groups indicates an important gap that needs to be filled. Twenty years after the accident, excess thyroid cancers are still occurring among persons exposed as children or adolescents, and, if external radiation can be used as a guide, we can expect an excess of radiation-associated thyroid cancers for several more decades. Since considerable uncertainties about the long-term health effects from Chernobyl remain, continued follow-up of the exposed populations should provide valuable information.

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Section: Clinical Features Of Chernobyl-related Thyroid Cancersmentioning

confidence: 96%

Thyroid Cancer Incidence Among People Living in Areas Contaminated by Radiation From the Chernobyl Accident

Ron

2007

Health Physics

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“…The extent of lymph-node removal is debated as postoperative morbidity increases with more aggressive lymph-node resection [29 ]. Routine removal of jugularcarotid chain lymph nodes remains controversial [35,36].…”

Section: Surgical Approach In Children With Differentiated Thyroid Camentioning

confidence: 99%

Differentiated thyroid cancer in children: diagnosis and management

Dinauer

Breuer²,

Rivkees³

2008

Current Opinion in Oncology

135

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The optimal treatment of differentiated thyroid cancer in pediatric patients continues to be debated. Recent publications from institutions around the world provide useful data regarding current approaches to this unusual disease. Further collaborative studies are needed to further refine the surgical approach, particularly the extent of lymph-node dissection, radioactive iodine dosing, and the role of genetic analysis in diagnosis and clinical approach.

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“…Compared to adults, these nodules have an increased risk of being malignant (16% in children versus 5% in adults) [4–6]. Thyroid cancer in children is also unusual in that it often presents with advanced disease including lymph node involvement and lung metastasis as compared to their adult counterpart [5, 7–9]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thyroid Nodules in Children: A Single Institution's Experience

Khozeimeh

Gingalewski

2011

Journal of Oncology

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Thyroid nodules in children are uncommon but often present an increased risk of malignancy in comparison to their adult counterpart. Multiple diagnostic modalities are frequently employed to characterize these nodules including ultrasound, radionuclide scans, fine needle aspiration (FNA), thyroid function tests, and evaluation of patient demographics. We chose to evaluate if any of these modalities influence treatment or signify a tendency for a nodule to represent a malignant lesion. A retrospective review of patients <21 years of age who underwent partial or total thyroidectomy from 2004 to 2009 was performed (IRB no. 4695). Other than an FNA indicating a malignancy, there does not appear to be any value to extensive preoperative imaging, nor can patient risk be stratified based upon age. We conclude that there is minimal utility in an extensive preoperative workup in a child with a thyroid nodule.

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Seminars: Controversies in the management of pediatric thyroid malignancy

Cited by 15 publications

References 10 publications

Thyroid Cancer Incidence Among People Living in Areas Contaminated by Radiation From the Chernobyl Accident

Thyroid Cancer Incidence Among People Living in Areas Contaminated by Radiation From the Chernobyl Accident

Differentiated thyroid cancer in children: diagnosis and management

Thyroid Nodules in Children: A Single Institution's Experience

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