Semiconductor Detectors in Radiation Medicine: Radiotherapy and Related Applications

Rosenfeld, Anatoly B.

doi:10.1007/1-4020-5093-3_5

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Three well known types of direct semiconductor radiation sensors are based on: (i) diode leakage [1][2][3]; (ii) capacitor discharge [4]; and (iii) MOS transistor degradation [5][6][7][8][9].…”

Section: Radiation Sensing Techniques In Cmos Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultra-Low Power Consuming Direct Radiation Sensors Based on Floating Gate Structures

Pikhay

Roizin

Nemirovsky

2017

JLPEA

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Abstract:In this paper, we report on ultra-low power consuming single poly floating gate direct radiation sensors. The developed devices are intended for total ionizing dose (TID) measurements and fabricated in a standard CMOS process flow. Sensor design and operation is discussed in detail. Original array sensors were suggested and fabricated that allowed high statistical significance of the radiation measurements and radiation imaging functions. Single sensors and array sensors were analyzed in combination with the specially developed test structures. This allowed insight into the physics of sensor operations and exclusion of the phenomena related to material degradation under irradiation in the interpretation of the measurement results. Response of the developed sensors to various sources of ionizing radiation (Gamma, X-ray, UV, energetic ions) was investigated. The optimal design of sensor for implementation in dosimetry systems was suggested. The roadmap for future improvement of sensor performance is suggested.

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Section: Radiation Sensing Techniques In Cmos Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultra-Low Power Consuming Direct Radiation Sensors Based on Floating Gate Structures

Pikhay

Roizin

Nemirovsky

2017

JLPEA

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“…10 times lower), and the higher material density leads to a higher efficiency (up to 10 3 times greater), making them ideal candidates for dosimeter miniaturization (Fowler 1963). The semiconductor detectors have a wide range of application in radiotherapy (Rosenfeld et al 2006, Rosenfeld 2006, for example, semiconductor diodes are already used in urinary (bladder) and rectal dose measurements using external beam radiotherapy and brachytherapy (Essers andMijnheer 1999, Waldhäusl et al 2005). Examples of some novel solid-state dosimeter materials currently under investigation can be found elsewhere (Lansley et al 2009, Sellin and Vaitkus 2006, Wang et al 2005, Mainwood 2000.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct detection of 6 MV x-rays from a medical linear accelerator using a semiconducting polymer diode

Mills¹,

Chan²,

Intaniwet³

et al. 2013

Phys. Med. Biol.

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Abstract:Recently, a new family of low-cost X-radiation detectors have been developed, based on semiconducting polymer diodes, which are easy to process, mechanically flexible, relatively inexpensive, and able to cover large areas. To test their potential for radiotherapy applications such as beam monitors or dosimeters, as an alternative to the use of solid-state inorganic detectors, we present the direct detection of 6 MV X-rays from a medical linear accelerator using a thick film, semiconducting polymer detector. The diode was subjected to 4 ms pulses of 6 MV X-rays at a rate of 60 Hz, and produces a linear increase in photocurrent with increasing dose rate (from 16.7 to 66.7 mGy.s -1). The sensitivity of the diode was found to range from 13 to 20 nC.mGy -1 .cm -3 , for operating voltages from -50 to -150 V, respectively. The diode response was found to be stable after exposure to doses up to 15 Gy. Testing beyond this dose range was not carried out. Theoretical calculations show that the addition of heavy metallic nanoparticles to polymer films, even at low volume fractions, increases the X-ray sensitivity of the polymer film/nanoparticle composite so that it exceeds that for Published in: Physics in Medicine and Biology, 58 (2013) 2 silicon over a wide range of X-ray energies. The possibility of detecting X-rays with energies relevant to medical oncology applications opens up the potential for these polymer detectors to be used in detection and imaging applications using medical X-ray beams. IntroductionOver the past 60 years, radiation oncology apparatus has been developed, based on Linear Particle a lower activation energy is required to produce an ionisation pair (approx. 10 times lower), and the higher material density leads to a higher efficiency (up to 10 3 times greater), making them ideal produced from a medical LINAC. In this case, the attenuation coefficient of the polymer for the high energy X-rays is approx. 30 times less than that for the lower energy X-rays. Methods MaterialsPoly([9,9-dioctylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl]-co-bithiophene) (F8T2, number-average molecular weight (Mn) = 45,000 g.mol -1 , weight-average molecular weight (Mw) = 120,000 g.mol -1 ) was prepared as previously reported. [Theim et. al. 2005 accelerated at 100 rpm/s to 500 rpm and held for 60 s, 3) accelerated at 100 rpm/s to 2000 rpm and held for 30 s, 4) decelerated at 100 rpm/s. This procedure produced a relatively smooth polymer film with a thickness of approx. 10 μm. After this, the films were typically dry to the touch; a short period of drying under atmospheric conditions was however required for some films, before annealing under vacuum at 110°C for 24 h. The thickness of the polymer layers was subsequently measured using a surface profilometer (Dektak 8, Veeco Instruments). To complete the diode, gold (Au) or Al electrodes (100 nm thick, 0.5 x 0.5 cm 2 ), depending on the substrate used, were thermally evaporated onto the F8T2, through a shadow mask, at a pressure of 10 -6 mbar. The diodes were connected to the measurem...

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“…However, they guarantee that the radiation of adjacent healthy tissues is not major. Hence, the dosimetric estimations of Hadron therapy are an important enhancement to the radiobiological in the characterization of Relative Biological Effectiveness (RBE) of therapeutic beams [38].…”

Section: B Dose Delivery Procedures and Dosimetric Evaluation; Implemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hadron Therapy Based on Laser Acceleration in the Plasma Channel Using Oxygen Ionization

Alviri

Asem

2019

IEEE Access

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In a cancer radiation treatment, Hadron therapy plays an important role as a technique with a high accuracy providing treatment results better than conventional radiation therapy methods such as chemotherapy. The laser-based Hadron therapy techniques are attractive due to their compactness in producing miniaturized particle accelerators and supporting a more intense electric field compared to other methods. A good-quality laser beam focusing and guiding in a cold plasma channel leads to an accurate and precise laser spot after focus, which is an important necessity in medical aims and occurs in µm-wavelength (ultra-short pulse) laser types. A method used to level up this treatment approach has been emerged by using high-power lasers along with plasma channels as a source for high energy to more effectively perform the Hadron therapy. Additionally, cancer treatment by using ions as the particle transferor is preferred over other methods for Hadron therapy due to some physical properties such as maximum energy deposition to the cancerous targets providing a better dose delivery to the tumor. In this paper, multiple simulations around the dose delivery procedures were presented for efficient dosimetric evaluations. Moreover, the effects of the electric field on the particle energy enhancement were evaluated in the presence of the plasma channel. Finally, it was demonstrated that the use of Oxygen ion in the presence of plasma channel is the appropriate approach due to its minor energy dissipation through matter on the way to the tumor for a better dose delivery which was impressed with radially polarized laser accelerator simultaneously. The proposed research demonstrated that the Hadrons can reach the maximum accelerated energy and convey the maximum path through the body to the cancerous target and finally deliver the sufficient dose to the tumor by using Oxygen ion beam in a cold plasma channel, which is low in density, with appropriate laser power. Consequently, Hadron therapy by using Oxygen ionization in the laser-plasma based accelerator is an impressive and efficient method for precise cancer treatment. Lastly, Laser-Plasma accelerators have three important limitation factors of ''Energy Spread'', ''Dephasing Length'', and ''Pump Depletion'', which can limit the energy increasing. In this paper, facing up to these limitations was a critical challenge in Hadron therapy for better Hadron acceleration and dose delivery.

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Semiconductor Detectors in Radiation Medicine: Radiotherapy and Related Applications

Cited by 12 publications

References 65 publications

Ultra-Low Power Consuming Direct Radiation Sensors Based on Floating Gate Structures

Ultra-Low Power Consuming Direct Radiation Sensors Based on Floating Gate Structures

Direct detection of 6 MV x-rays from a medical linear accelerator using a semiconducting polymer diode

Hadron Therapy Based on Laser Acceleration in the Plasma Channel Using Oxygen Ionization

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