Semi-three-dimensional algorithm for time-resolved diffuse optical tomography by use of the generalized pulse spectrum technique

Abstract

Although a foil three-dimensional (3-D) reconstruction with both 3-D forward and inverse models provide, the optimal solution for diffuse optical tomography (DOT), because of the 3-D nature of photon diffusion in tissue, it is computationally costly for both memory requirement and execution time in a conventional computing environment. Thus in practice there is motivation to develop an image reconstruction algorithm with dimensional reduction based on some modeling approximations. Here we have implemented a semi-3-D modified generalized pulse spectrum technique for time-resolved DOT, where a two-dimensional (2-D) distribution of optical properties is approximately assumed, while we retain 3-D distribution of photon migration in tissue. We have validated the proposed algorithm by reconstructing 3-D structural test objects from both numerically simulated and experimental date. We demonstrate our algorithm by comparing it with the calibrated 2-D reconstruction that is in widespread use as a shortcut to 3-D imaging and proving that the semi-3-D algorithm outperforms the calibrated 2-D algorithm.

Region-based diffuse optical tomography with registered atlas: in vivo acquisition of mouse optical properties

“…As aforementioned, we the reconstruction of the optical properties is developed within the GPST framework for TD-DOT, where Laplace-transforms is used to convert the TD signals into the complex-frequency domain, or, for computational simplicity, into the imaginary frequency (real-number) domain, and inverts the transformed diffusion-equation (DE) for atleast two frequencies to effectively separate the absorption and scattering [24]. In comparison to the full time-resolved scheme that may generate improved image quality [34], this featured-data scheme performs more robustly owing to its insensitivity to the time-origin uncertainty and its exception from the reference measurements [35].…”

Towards the next generation of near-infrared spectroscopy

“…In contrast, the radiative transport equation (RTE) accurately describes the photon propagation in tissue. Although this integro-differential equation is not easily solved even by numerical methods, the RTE is more reliable as the forward model [75,76], Various image reconstruction algorithms, which are essentially based on inverse problem techniques, have been proposed [77][78][79] and applied to human measurements [80][81][82]. However, the image quality is inherently low, because the problem is usually nonlinear, ill-posed and underdetermined because of the diffusive nature of the photon migration.…”

A comprehensive study of the use of temporal moments in time-resolved diffuse optical tomography: part I. Theoretical material

“…The algebraic reconstruction technique has been used in a large number of instances (Gaudette et al, 2000;Lam et al, 2005;Gao et al, 2002Gao et al, , 2006Nielsen et al, 2009) as well as other classical optimization approaches as Landweber algorithm, steepest descent or conjugate gradient descent (Gaudette et al, 2000). Then, the regularization strategy consists in stopping the retained algorithm before convergence to the minimum of (4).…”

“…First, the tumour #1 is located far away from both source and detector plans, within a zone of poor sensitivity (Kepshire et al, 2007). Second, the tumours #2 and #3 are aligned along the z-axis for which FDOT exhibits low ability to separating two adjacent inclusions (Gao et al, 2002). To simulate the non-specificity of the makers, a homogeneous fluorescent background is also considered.…”