Semi-quantitative analysis of indigo by surface enhanced resonance Raman spectroscopy (SERRS) using silver colloids

Shadi, I. T.; Chowdhry, Babur Z.; Snowden, Martin J.; Withnall, Robert

doi:10.1016/s1386-1425(03)00065-9

Cited by 35 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Such methodology was here used in the analysis of alizarin (Cañamares et al, 2004), purpurin (Shadi et al, 2004), luteolin, carmine (Whitney et al, 2006), indigo carmine (Peica and Kiefer, 2008) and indigo (Shadi et al, 2003) with the 632.8 nm excitation (Fig. 5); all the enhanced spectra are in agreement with data reported in the literature except for luteolin (Corredor et al, 2009).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 84%

Applications of Raman spectroscopy in archaeometry: An investigation of pre-Columbian Peruvian textiles

Bernardino

Faria

Negrón

2015

Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports

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In this work fibers from pre-Columbian Peruvian textiles and synthetic analogs of the natural dyes previously found in Andean historical textiles (indigo, carmine, indigo carmine, purpurin, alizarin and luteolin) were analyzed using a Raman microscope which was also used as a microspectrofluorimeter. SEM-EDS and FTIR were used as complimentary techniques. The efficiency of HNO 3 etched copper surface as SERS substrates was investigated aiming at its application in archaeometry; in this particular case, the capability of such SERS active substrate to cope with luminescence presented by the dyed textile was evaluated. The archaeological fibers were identified as dyed wool by FTIR, FT-Raman and SEM; the red dye (carmine) was identified by resonance Raman and SERS, however, the blue dyed fiber presented a strong fluorescent background in the visible and, in the NIR, the FT-Raman spectrum was not conclusive, therefore the identification was performed using SERS through the dye in-situ reduction on a Cu etched disk. Specifically in the case of synthetic dyes, although all of them had already their SERS spectra reported in the literature, it is here shown that the copper etched surfaces provide SERS and SERRS information that are in full agreement with previously reported data, with the advantage of a much simpler and faster preparation.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 84%

Applications of Raman spectroscopy in archaeometry: An investigation of pre-Columbian Peruvian textiles

Bernardino

Faria

Negrón

2015

Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports

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“…[37] This means that in a significant part of the literature data, one can expect that the spectrum of MB can be more or less contaminated by the spectrum of free indigo crystals adhered to the clay. For this reason, it is interesting to compare the MB spectra with the spectrum of indigo monolayers on Ag reported by Shadi et al [58] and Min et al [59] A second difficulty for spectral interpretation is the complexity of the indigo spectrum. Then, the assignment of peaks recorded in MB samples can be uncertain insofar as they can be assigned to the new indigo-clay interactions, to new clay-associated dyes or to the activation of initially inactive vibrations of indigo (in turn associated with the planarity perturbations of the molecule as a result of its interaction with the clay [52] ).…”

Section: Comparing Raman Spectra Of Indigomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The current report provides a survey of Raman data acting in support of the idea that (1) dehydroindigo [33] and eventually other dyes [42,56] accompany indigo in MB, (2) different topological dye isomers are probably responsible for the observed Raman spectra and (3) different types of MB samples probably exist. [34,42] Published data for solid indigo, synthetic MB-type specimens, genuine MB samples are also compared with those for indigo in monolayer deposits over Ag colloidal particles [58] and roughened Ag foils. [59] Because solid indigo possesses significant intermolecular association via hydrogen bonding, the last systems could in principle be proximal to isolated 'molecular' indigo and close, to some extent, to indigo in MB.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the interpretation of the Raman spectra of Maya Blue: a review on the literature data

Doménech

Doménech‐Carbó

Edwards

2011

J Raman Spectroscopy

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The Raman spectroscopy of Maya Blue (MB), a nanostructured organic-inorganic hybrid material, has received considerable attention. A re-evaluation of the Raman literature data for indigo dye, genuine MB samples and model specimens obtained by the binding of indigo to phyllosilicate clays, such as palygorskite and sepiolite, using chemometric analysis of normalised spectra is reported. Available data present features in support of the following ideas: (1) dehydroindigo accompanies indigo in MB; (2) different topological isomers, i.e. dye molecules attached to different coordinative sites of the palygorskite framework, are involved in MB; and (3) different procedures were probably used for preparing MB in ancient Mesoamerican civilisations.

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“…One of the main problems is that indigo is insoluble in the aqueous silver colloid dispersion and it must be treated by specific solvents prior to SERS analyses. The first semiquantitative study of indigo using SERS/SERRS was reported by Shadi et al [27], who investigated methanolic solutions of the blue dye combined with silver colloidal dispersions aggregated by means of HCl. In the specific case of cultural heritage applications, SERS-based detection of indigo has been reported for the analysis of paintings [28], textiles [8,29,30], and archaeological objects [31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tailored micro-extraction method for Raman/SERS detection of indigoids in ancient textiles

et al. 2015

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Indigoid dyes are well known as vat dyes. In their oxidized dichetonic form they are stable and insoluble in water, whereas in their reduced form, commonly known as leuco, they are soluble in water and able to be attached to fabric for dyeing purposes. These blue dyes are usually easily detectable in art objects by means of Raman spectroscopy by adopting for analyses a laser line at a high wavelength, such as a 785 nm diode laser. Unfortunately, in ancient artworks, that are often highly degraded, it is not always possible to collect high quality Raman spectra, which makes the analysis and identification of these compounds particularly challenging. In this work, we present a tailor-made methodology for the extraction and the recognition of indigoid dyes in works of art, which exploits the solubility of these compounds in their reduced form. Excellent Raman and surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) spectra of indigo were acquired after micro-extraction on ancient and reference textiles, confirming the reliability of the presented procedure. Moreover, the methodology has been applied also for the extraction of the indigoid dye Tyrian purple on a reference textile, showing excellent results. This analytical method has been found to be extremely safe both for the reference textiles and the investigated ancient textiles, thus being a promising procedure for the selective analysis and detection of indigoid compounds in objects of artistic relevance.

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Semi-quantitative analysis of indigo by surface enhanced resonance Raman spectroscopy (SERRS) using silver colloids

Cited by 35 publications

References 15 publications

Applications of Raman spectroscopy in archaeometry: An investigation of pre-Columbian Peruvian textiles

Applications of Raman spectroscopy in archaeometry: An investigation of pre-Columbian Peruvian textiles

On the interpretation of the Raman spectra of Maya Blue: a review on the literature data

Tailored micro-extraction method for Raman/SERS detection of indigoids in ancient textiles

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