Semen quality characteristics of Koekoek breeder cocks influenced by supplemental inclusion levels of onion and garlic mixture at 35-41 weeks of age

Abstract

-An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of varying dietary supplemental inclusion levels of onion and garlic mixture on semen quality characteristics of Koekoek breeder cocks aged 35-41 weeks. The experimental diets were isocaloric and isonitrogenous but with different supplemental inclusion levels of onion and garlic. A complete randomized design was used for the experiment. The three dietary supplemental levels based on garlic and onion supplemental inclusion levels were Q 0 (0 g onion and 0 g garlic per 600 g DM feed), Q 1 (2.5 g onion and 2.5 g garlic per 600 g DM feed), and Q 2 (5 g onion and 5 g garlic per 600 g DM feed) with each treatment having three replicates. A quadratic type equation was used to determine the onion and garlic levels for optimum semen quality characteristics. Daily supplementation with 5 g onion and 5 g garlic per 600 g DM feed increased progressive motile cells (%), actual life sperm count (×10 6 /nl), and live sperm (%) by 221.20%, 301.51%, and 352.43%, while 2.5 g onion and 2.5 g garlic per 600 g DM feed reduced them by 28.67%, 12.69%, and 19.00%, respectively. However, daily supplementation with 2.5 g onion and 2.5 g garlic per 600 g DM feed increased sperm count (×10 6 /nl) by 12.82%, whereas daily supplementation with 5 g onion and 5 g garlic per 600 g DM feed reduced it by 10.26% in Koekoek breeder cocks. Dietary onion and garlic supplemental inclusion levels of 3. 009, 3.191, 4.621, 6.601, 6.719, 2.327, 2.385, and 2.247 g per 600 g DM feed supported optimum progressive motile cells (%), immotile sperm cells (%), actual dead sperm count (×10 6 /nl), actual live sperm count (×10 6 /nl), live sperm (%), acrosome morphology defects (%), acrosome detachment (%), and acrosome swelling (%), with probability values ranging from 0.003 to 0.783, whereas minimum progressive motile cells (%) increase was achieved at an optimum onion and garlic supplementation levels of 3.009 g per 600 g DM feed. These findings have a lot of implications on the use of supplemental onion and garlic inclusion levels to enhance reproductive efficiency in Koekoek breeder cocks.

Effects of palm kernel shell ash as organic mineral supplement on performance of broiler chicks

“…Also, results of the optimization function indicate that amongst all the significantly influenced dietary inclusion levels of PKSA, only crop and small intestine content pH significantly fitted into a quadratic model with quadratic functions of Y = 5.005 + 0.005x -0.0001x 2 and Y = 7.292 -0.035x + 0.001x 2 ; and optimal/minimal inclusion levels of 25 and 17.5 respectively. Studies using quadratic models to optimize inclusion levels of feed materials and laying patterns of chicken had been reported elsewhere (Okoro et al 2016a(Okoro et al , 2016b(Okoro et al , 2017. (Okoro et al 2016a(Okoro et al , 2016b identified optimal supplementation levels of onion and garlic in feed of different indigenous breed of chicken using quadratic regression model, while (Okoro et al 2017) identified the optimal laying performance of Boschveld indigenous chicken using quadratic regression model.…”

“…Studies using quadratic models to optimize inclusion levels of feed materials and laying patterns of chicken had been reported elsewhere (Okoro et al 2016a(Okoro et al , 2016b(Okoro et al , 2017. (Okoro et al 2016a(Okoro et al , 2016b identified optimal supplementation levels of onion and garlic in feed of different indigenous breed of chicken using quadratic regression model, while (Okoro et al 2017) identified the optimal laying performance of Boschveld indigenous chicken using quadratic regression model. However, no study (ies) has reported on optimizing the effect of PKSA inclusion levels on growth performance, digesta pH, and digestive tract development of broiler chicks.…”

Transforming Growth Factor Beta of Testis Germinal Cell in Guinea Pig (Cavia Porcellus) After Exposure to Methanol Extract of the Seeds of Bitter Melon (Momordica Charantia) and Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate

“…Beta-sitosterol D-glucoside is a phytosterol contained in M. charantia Linn. and several other plants [118][119][120][121]. Beta-sitosterol D-glucoside has many pharmacological activities [118][119][120][121][122][123][124] such as androgenic, antiadenomic, anticancer [129][130][131][132][133][134], antiedemic [135], and antiinflammatory [136][137][138][139][140][141][142].…”

“…and several other plants [118][119][120][121]. Beta-sitosterol D-glucoside has many pharmacological activities [118][119][120][121][122][123][124] such as androgenic, antiadenomic, anticancer [129][130][131][132][133][134], antiedemic [135], and antiinflammatory [136][137][138][139][140][141][142]. Sitosterol has a structure such as cholesterol that later in the body can become the precursor of testosterone and The maximum score of the addition is eight [40,94] has been supposed to have an antifertility, and sex steroids have been implicated in the development and maintenance of Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and use of androgen reducing compounds, such as 5α-reductase inhibitors which block the conversion of testosterone into dihydrotestosterone [14,32,52].…”

Substitution and optimization of Nigerian white beniseed ( Sesamum indicum L.) cake for soybean meal in Cobb broiler diets

“…A significant average daily feed intake (ADFI) was achieved at an optimum BSC substitution level for SBM of 22.5% BSC+77.5% SBM with Y = 89.93 + 18.74x -4.93x 2 , R 2 = 0.992, P-value of 0.051. Several studies had applied the quadratic regression model to optimize inclusion levels of feed and other materials on chicken (Mbajiorgu, 2011;Mbajiorgu et al, 2011;Alabi et al, 2015;Okoro et al, 2016;. However, none of these studies has reported on optimizing the effect of substitution levels of BSC for SBM on growth, carcass and blood characteristics of Cobb broilers.…”