Semen Cryopreservation for Two Local Chicken Strains as a Tool for Conservation of Egyptian Local Genetic Resources

Cryopreservation of Indian Red Jungle Fowl (Gallus Gallus Murghi) Spermatozoa: A First Approach

“…The losses during the cryopreservation process in mitochondrial membrane potential and ATPs of avian sperm have been used as indicators of mitochondrial function to explain the reduction in motility of frozen thawed domestic fowl semen (Partyka et al, 2010(Partyka et al, , 2012a. Similar to our studies, reduction in motility was recorded in Egyptian indigenous chicken breeds (Roushdy et al, 2014) and fowl (Gliozzi et al, 2011); about 32% after the freeze-thaw cycle.…”

“…The complexity of achieving successful sperm cryopreservation to develop cryo-banking in birds is further illustrated by the fact that even closely related species viz. chickens differ remarkably in the ability to survive during cooling, freezing and thawing (Siudzińska and Lukaszewicz 2008;Makhafola et al, 2009;Blanco et al, 2012;Roushdy et al, 2014). The knowledge leading to the elucidation of changes associated with different phases of cryopreservation can help to work out strategies to improve the various steps of semen processing.…”

“…The response of avian sperm to different phases of cryopreservation (dilution, cooling, equilibration, freezing and thawing) and the intensity of cryo-induced changes are highly species specific i.e. the Turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) and the Crane (Grus canadensis) (Blanco et al, 2011), Egyptian local chicken strain (El-Salam and Dokki-4) (Roushdy et al, 2014) and poultry breeds (Massip et al, 2004). The hyperosmotic solute fractions during the cooling phase cause efflux of water from sperm cells that resulted in shrinkage and influx of ions while upon re-warming these changes are reversed and influx of the water may result in rupturing of the plasma membrane (Holt, 2000).…”

Cryoprotective Effect of Glycerol Concentrations on Indian Red Jungle Fowl (Gallus Gallus Murghi) Spermatozoa

“…Indeed, in previous studies, higher motility and livability and their recovery rates were reported with 7% glycerol for Egyptian local strains (El-Salam and Dokki-4). Although fertility and hatchability rates were recorded at 38% and 88%, respectively in the El-Salam strain with 7% glycerol, in the Dokki-4 strain zero fertility and hatchability (Roushdy et al, 2014). Rooster sperm from four different breeds cryopreserved with the same level of glycerol resulted in variable post-thaw semen quality, highlighting the need for adjustment of cryopreservation protocols and cryoprotectant levels in a breed-specific manner (Siudzińska and Łukaszewicz, 2008).…”

“…All these studies suggest that there is a huge variation in the levels of glycerol used to achieve optimum post-thaw quality and fertility from species to species and breeds to strains. It is thus suggested that the major source of variation in fertility results in former studies may partly be due to the differing genetics of the strains (Sexton, 1979;Roushdy et al, 2014). In a systematic study, the harmful effect of glycerol, DMA and DMSO levels from 4-11% for fowl spermatozoa remained similar, while glycerol was found to be least toxic followed by DMA, and DMSO was most toxic for sperm viability and integrity (Tselutin et al, 1998).…”