Semantic interference mechanisms on long-term visual memory and their eye-movement signatures in mild cognitive impairment.

Coco, Moreno I.; Merendino, Gabriella; Zappalà, Giuseppe; Sala, Sergio Della

doi:10.1037/neu0000734

Cited by 7 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Thus, these tasks could not be classified as naturalistic in accordance with the definitions prescribed here. Therefore, the results obtained by Coco et al and Shakespeare et al [ 69 , 73 ] will be presented here.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Of the included studies, seven studies incorporated goal-directed paradigms with naturalistic stimuli [ 66 , 67 , 68 , 71 , 74 , 76 ]. Moreover, whilst Coco et al [ 69 ] and Shakespeare et al [ 73 ] incorporated tasks that were naturalistic by nature (e.g., free image search), the duration of the image presentation was insufficient for the participant to engage in free visual exploration. Thus, these tasks could not be classified as naturalistic in accordance with the definitions prescribed here.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a free-viewing task that allowed insufficient time for the participant to engage in free visual search, Coco et al [ 69 ] showed the participants a stream of naturalistic images belonging to different semantic categories (e.g., bathroom, beach, or kitchen). The participants were asked to state which of two scenes (one novel and one original from the same semantic category) they had seen before.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These results therefore suggest that semantic interference effects are present in MCI populations, but at a lower potency than within healthy adults. However, the authors noted that the observed semantic interference effects may have been skewed by individual differences within the people with MCI [ 69 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Resultantly, 39 papers passed through full-text screening and were identified as being relevant to our research question [ 25 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 , 80 , 81 , 82 , 83 , 84 , 85 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Potential of Naturalistic Eye Movement Tasks in the Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease: A Review

et al. 2021

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Extensive research has demonstrated that eye-tracking tasks can effectively indicate cognitive impairment. For example, lab-based eye-tracking tasks, such as the antisaccade task, have robustly distinguished between people with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and healthy older adults. Due to the neurodegeneration associated with AD, people with AD often display extended saccade latencies and increased error rates on eye-tracking tasks. Although the effectiveness of using eye tracking to identify cognitive impairment appears promising, research considering the utility of eye tracking during naturalistic tasks, such as reading, in identifying cognitive impairment is limited. The current review identified 39 articles assessing eye-tracking distinctions between people with AD, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and healthy controls when completing naturalistic task (reading, real-life simulations, static image search) or a goal-directed task involving naturalistic stimuli. The results revealed that naturalistic tasks show promising biomarkers and distinctions between healthy older adults and AD participants, and therefore show potential to be used for diagnostic and monitoring purposes. However, only twelve articles included MCI participants and assessed the sensitivity of measures to detect cognitive impairment in preclinical stages. In addition, the review revealed inconsistencies within the literature, particularly when assessing reading tasks. We urge researchers to expand on the current literature in this area and strive to assess the robustness and sensitivity of eye-tracking measures in both AD and MCI populations on naturalistic tasks.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Potential of Naturalistic Eye Movement Tasks in the Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease: A Review

et al. 2021

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Locations of objects are better remembered than their identities in naturalistic scenes: An eye-tracking experiment in mild cognitive impairment.

Coco¹,

Maruta²,

Martins³

et al. 2023

Neuropsychology

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Objective: Retaining the identity or location of decontextualized objects in visual short-term working memory (VWM) is impaired by healthy and pathological ageing, but research remains inconclusive on whether these two features are equally impacted by it. Moreover, it is unclear whether similar impairments would manifest in naturalistic visual contexts. Method: 30 people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and 32 age-matched control participants (CPs) were eye-tracked within a change detection paradigm. They viewed 120 naturalistic scenes, and after a retention interval (1 s) asked whether a critical object in the scene had (or not) changed on either: identity (became a different object), location (same object but changed location), or both (changed in location and identity). Results: MCIs performed worse than CP but there was no interaction with the type of change. Changes in both were easiest while changes in identity alone were hardest. The latency to first fixation and first-pass duration to the critical object during successful recognition was not different between MCIs and CPs. Objects that changed in both features took longer to be fixated for the first time but required a shorter first pass compared to changes in identity alone which displayed the opposite pattern. Conclusions: Locations of objects are better remembered than their identities; memory for changes is best when involving both features. These mechanisms are spared by pathological ageing as indicated by the similarity between groups besides trivial differences in overall performance. These findings demonstrate that VWM mechanisms in the context of naturalistic scene information are preserved in people with MCI. Key PointsQuestion: Are temporary memory bindings for identity and location of objects situated in naturalistic visual contexts impaired by mild cognitive impairment? Findings: Locations of objects are better remembered than their identity regardless of MCI. Overt attention is allocated in the same way by MCIs and CPs for changes successfully detected. Importance: MCI is commonly associated with impairment in memory and attention when tested using artificial stimuli. Our study shows preserved mechanisms when such cognitive processes are examined in naturalistic contexts. Next Steps: Investigate whether the memory advantage for object location is observed when the global configuration of the scene is maintained between the study and the recognition phase. This document is copyrighted by the American Psychological Association or one of its allied publishers.This article is intended solely for the personal use of the individual user and is not to be disseminated broadly.

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Visual attention during seeing for speaking in healthy aging.

Rehrig¹,

Hayes²,

Henderson³

et al. 2023

Psychology and Aging

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As we age, we accumulate a wealth of information about the surrounding world. Evidence from visual search suggests that older adults retain intact knowledge for where objects tend to occur in everyday environments (semantic information) that allows them to successfully locate objects in scenes, but may overrely on semantic guidance. We investigated age differences in the allocation of attention to semantically informative and visually salient information in a task in which the eye movements of younger (N = 30, aged 18–24) and older (N = 30, aged 66–82) adults were tracked as they described real-world scenes. We measured the semantic information in scenes based on “meaning map” ratings from a norming sample of young and older adults, and image salience as graph-based visual saliency. Logistic mixed-effects modeling was used to determine whether, controlling for center bias, fixated scene locations differed in semantic informativeness and visual salience from locations that were not fixated, and whether these effects differed for young and older adults. Semantic informativeness predicted fixated locations well overall, as did image salience, although unique variance in the model was better explained by semantic informativeness than image salience. Older adults were less likely to fixate informative locations in scenes than young adults were, though the locations older adults’ fixated were independently predicted well by informativeness. These results suggest young and older adults both use semantic information to guide attention in scenes and that older adults do not overrely on semantic information across the board.

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Semantic interference mechanisms on long-term visual memory and their eye-movement signatures in mild cognitive impairment.

Cited by 7 publications

References 66 publications

The Potential of Naturalistic Eye Movement Tasks in the Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease: A Review

The Potential of Naturalistic Eye Movement Tasks in the Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease: A Review

Locations of objects are better remembered than their identities in naturalistic scenes: An eye-tracking experiment in mild cognitive impairment.

Visual attention during seeing for speaking in healthy aging.

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