Semantic Activation During Memory Encoding Across the Adult Life Span

Howard, Darlene V.; Lasaga, Maria I.; McAndrews, Mary Pat

doi:10.1093/geronj/35.6.884

Cited by 41 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…Darlene Howard and colleagues showed comparable semantic memory as a function of age (e.g., Howard, Lasaga, & McAndrews, 1980), as did Lars Nyberg, who found age differences for episodic but not semantic memory (Nyberg, Bäckman, Erngrund, Olofsson, & Nilsson, 1996). Nevertheless, under conditions of higher demand, semantic memory deficits appeared.…”

Section: Age Invariance In Specific Memory Domainsmentioning

confidence: 73%

Theories of Memory and Aging: A Look at the Past and a Glimpse of the Future

Park

Festini

2016

GERONB

183

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The present article reviews theories of memory and aging over the past 50 years. Particularly notable is a progression from early single-mechanism perspectives to complex multifactorial models proposed to account for commonly observed age deficits in memory function. The seminal mechanistic theories of processing speed, limited resources, and inhibitory deficits are discussed and viewed as especially important theories for understanding age-related memory decline. Additionally, advances in multivariate techniques including structural equation modeling provided new tools that led to the development of more complex multifactorial theories than existed earlier. The important role of neuroimaging is considered, along with the current prevalence of intervention studies. We close with predictions about new directions that future research on memory and aging will take.

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Section: Age Invariance In Specific Memory Domainsmentioning

confidence: 73%

Theories of Memory and Aging: A Look at the Past and a Glimpse of the Future

Park

Festini

2016

GERONB

183

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“…There are some reports that old subjects are more prone to give bizarre and idiosyncratic responses in word association tasks, indicative of changes in the organization of the lexicon (Riegel, 1968;Perlmutter, 1978). On the other hand, Howard (1980) found no age differences in the variability of instances generated in response to category names. In view of these conflicting results, a prerequisite for examining age differences in contextual facilitation of word recognition is to ensure that the semantic relationships that are assumed to hold between context and target words actually do hold good for both old and young.…”

mentioning

confidence: 61%

Word recognition: Age differences in contextual facilitation effects

Cohen¹,

Faulkner²

1983

British J of Psychology

132

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A series of experiments compared contextual facilitation of word recognition in old (63-80) and young (19-34) subjects. Visual word recognition was examined in a lexical decision task. Sentence contexts or no context preceded words or non-words. Both groups responded faster when context was supplied. For high predictability words, there was no age difference in the magnitude of the contextual facilitation effect. For low predictability words and non-words, the old showed greater contextual facilitation than the young. Auditory word recognition was tested with target words spoken with or without sentence context in a background of white noise. Old subjects, again, showed superior contextual facilitation. It was concluded that old people compensate for deterioration in stimulus quality by more effective use of contextual information.Much evidence has accumulated to confirm that recognition of both written and spoken words is facilitated by prior context (e.g. Miller

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“…Although age differences in favour of younger adults are observed in some semantic memory tasks in which a successful solution of the task is highly dependent on the subject's ability to initiate effortful, elaborate types of processing (e.g., Byrd, 1984) the dominating picture is that of no age differences in retrieval from semantic memory. Such data have been obtained in word recognition (Eysenck, 1975), semantic priming (Howard, McAndrews & Lasaga, 1981), Stroop tasks (Howard et al, 1980), PI-release (Elias & Hirasuna, 1976;Mistler-Lachman, 1977; Puglisi, 1980), classification speed (Mueller et al, 1980), naming latency (Thomas et al, 1977), lexical decision (Bowles & Poon, 1981) and continuous recognition (Poon & Fozard, 1980). Obviously, these results suggest that some of the cognitive abilities necessary for optimal performance in semantic memory tasks are relatively well preserved across the adult age span.…”

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confidence: 95%

The relation between level of general knowledge and feeling‐of‐knowing: An adult age study

Bäckman

Karlsson

1985

Scandinavian J Psychology

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Backman, L. & Karlsson, T. The relation between level of general knowledge and feelingof-knowing: An adult age study. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 1985, 26, 249-258.Younger and older adults were examined in recall and recognition of factual information varying in datedness. It was found that younger adults performed better for questions related to the time period 1970-1983, while the older adults performed better for questions related to the time period 1930-1950. The subjects also did confidence ratings of their "feeling-of-knowing" of the actual questions. On the basis of the cross-over interaction between age and datedness, the relationship between the level of general knowledge and the ability to monitor the knowledge was investigated. Only minor differences were observed between the graphs describing recall and recognition performance as a function of feeling-of-knowing in the four age by datedness combinations. Thus, the results suggest that the ability to supervise context-free semantic information may be intact despite an inferiority in level of knowledge. Comparisons were made between the results of the present study and those of previous studies on metamemory and episodic remembering.

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Semantic Activation During Memory Encoding Across the Adult Life Span

Cited by 41 publications

References 0 publications

Theories of Memory and Aging: A Look at the Past and a Glimpse of the Future

Theories of Memory and Aging: A Look at the Past and a Glimpse of the Future

Word recognition: Age differences in contextual facilitation effects

The relation between level of general knowledge and feeling‐of‐knowing: An adult age study

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