Self‐Templating Approaches to Hollow Nanostructures

Abstract

This current research progress on the fabrication of hollow nanostructures by using self-templating methods is reviewed. After a brief introduction to the unique properties and applications of hollow nanostructures and the three general fabrication routes, the discussions are focused on the five main self-templating strategies, including galvanic replacement, the Kirkendall effect, Ostwald ripening, dissolution-regrowth, and the surface-protected hollowing process. Some newly developed synthetic routes are selected and discussed in detail. In conclusion, a summary and the perspectives on the directions that might lead the future development of this exciting field are presented.

Hierarchical Hollow‐Microsphere Metal–Selenide@Carbon Composites with Rational Surface Engineering for Advanced Sodium Storage

“…[33][34][35][36] For instance, hollow NiO nano-octahedrons were successfully prepared without templates, delivering ultralarge Li-storage capability. [33][34][35][36] For instance, hollow NiO nano-octahedrons were successfully prepared without templates, delivering ultralarge Li-storage capability.…”

Bioinspired Soft Robotic Caterpillar with Cardiomyocyte Drivers

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] With their shape-morphing features, soft robots are more behavioral flexible and adaptable to execute specific tasks. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] With their shape-morphing features, soft robots are more behavioral flexible and adaptable to execute specific tasks.…”

“…Soft robots, an integration of flexible material with conventional robotics, have attracted widespread interest and been intensively investigated for their superiority in mimicking biological behaviors. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] With their shape-morphing features, soft robots are more behavioral flexible and adaptable to execute specific tasks. [10][11][12][13][14][15][16] These features are greatly extended with the integration of various smart drivers, such as thermal, [17] electric, [18] magnetic, [19] light, [20,21] pH, and living tissue.…”

A Universal Strategy toward Ultrasmall Hollow Nanostructures with Remarkable Electrochemical Performance

“…Hollow nanomaterials have attracted growing attention in recent years because of their intriguing structure-induced properties and wide applications,i ncluding energy storage, solar cells,c atalysis,g as sensors,a nd drug delivery. [1][2][3][4][5][6] However,t he fabrication of hollow nanostructures in ac ontrollable manner remains ac onsiderable challenge. [7,8] To date,t here are several developed approaches, [9][10][11] typically hard/soft-templating and self-templating,t og enerate hollow nanomaterials.A mong them, the Kirkendall effect, which is caused by the differences in diffusion direction and speed between different ions in the synthesis process,i sd emonstrated to be as imple and effective self-templating method.…”

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Afacile and versatile microwave-assisted and shellconfined Kirkendall diffusion strategy is used to fabricate ultrasmall hollownanoparticles by modulating the growth and thermal conversion of metal-organic framework (MOF) nanocrystals on graphene.T his method involves that the adsorption of microwave by graphene creates ah igh-energy environment in as hort time to decompose the in situ grown MOF nanocrystals into well-dispersed uniform core-shell nanoparticles with ultrasmall size.U pon as hell-confined Kirkendall diffusion process,h ollown anoparticles of multimetal oxides,phosphides,and sulfides with the diameter below 20 nm and shell thickness below 3nmcan be obtained for the first time.Ultrasmall hollownanostructures such as Fe2O3 can promote muchfaster charge transport and expose more active sites as well as migrate the volume change stress more efficiently than the solid and large hollowc ounterparts,t hus demonstrating remarkable lithium-ion storage performance.

IntroductionHollow nanomaterials have attracted growing attention in recent years because of their intriguing structure-induced properties and wide applications,i ncluding energy storage, solar cells,c atalysis,g as sensors,a nd drug delivery. [1][2][3][4][5][6] However,t he fabrication of hollow nanostructures in ac ontrollable manner remains ac onsiderable challenge. [7,8] To date,t here are several developed approaches, [9][10][11] typically hard/soft-templating and self-templating,t og enerate hollow nanomaterials.A mong them, the Kirkendall effect, which is caused by the differences in diffusion direction and speed between different ions in the synthesis process,i sd emonstrated to be as imple and effective self-templating method.

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