Abstract:Self-reported difficulty conceiving is a useful measure of infertility for quantifying the burden of fertility problems experienced in the community. Validation of reasons for infertility is unlikely to be feasible through examination of medical records. Improved education of the public regarding the availability and success rates of infertility treatments is proposed.
“…Infertility is defined as inability to conceive after 1 year of unprotective intercourse [1,2]. Pregnancy represents the successful and timely conclusion of series of physiological events: ovulation of a mature oocyte, production of viable sperm, association of oocyte and sperm in the reproductive tract, making of a viable embryo, embryo carriage into the uterine cavity, and embryo implantation within the endometrial cavity.…”
“…Infertility is defined as inability to conceive after 1 year of unprotective intercourse [1,2]. Pregnancy represents the successful and timely conclusion of series of physiological events: ovulation of a mature oocyte, production of viable sperm, association of oocyte and sperm in the reproductive tract, making of a viable embryo, embryo carriage into the uterine cavity, and embryo implantation within the endometrial cavity.…”
“…5 The factors that are reported to be protective include parity, with nulliparous women having a higher risk than parous women and there being an inverse relationship between parity and risk. 6,7 Breastfeeding may also have a protective effect, [8][9][10] and the use of oral contraceptives, 11,12 tubal ligation 13 and hysterectomy 13 have all been reported as associated with a reduced risk of ovarian cancer.…”
Section: Aetiology Pathology and Prognosismentioning
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“…The 12-month criterion is based on evidence that 85% of noncontracepting women who regularly have heterosexual sex will conceive within a year. 20 This narrow time frame is useful in clinical settings because early detection helps maximize the effectiveness of treatment. A narrow time frame is therefore appropriate for studies of the need and unmet need for medical help.…”
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confidence: 99%
“…From a medical perspective, the most desirable means of assessment would be clinical diagnosis, but this measure cannot be used for population estimates or for approximating the need for treatment because a clinical diagnosis is possible only if a woman has already talked to a doctor or contacted a clinic. 20 Some estimates therefore rely on ''constructed'' measures derived from contraception and birth histories. See, for example, the constructed ''infertility'' measure employed by the NSFG.…”
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confidence: 99%
“…Estimates of infertility based on self-reports have been found to be an efficient and appropriate method for estimating infertility at the community level. 20 Self-reports have also been found to be accurate when women are asked to recall past experiences of infertility. 24 A third challenge involves the meaning of potential need.…”
Background: Fewer than 50% of women who meet the medical/behavioral criteria for infertility receive medical services. Estimating the number of women who both meet the medical/behavioral criteria for infertility and who have pro-conception attitudes will allow for better estimates of the potential need and unmet need for infertility services in the United States. Methods: The National Survey of Fertility Barriers was administered by telephone to a probability sample of 4,712 women in the United States. The sample for this analysis was 292 women who reported an experience of infertility within 3 years of the time of the interview. Infertile women were asked if they were trying to conceive at the time of their infertility experience and if they wanted to have a child to determine who could be considered in need of services. Results: Among U.S. women who have met medical criteria for infertility within the past three years, 15.9% report that they were neither trying to have a child nor wanted to have a child and can be classified as not in need of treatment. Of the 84.9% of infertile women in need of treatment, 58.1% did not even talk to a doctor about ways to become pregnant. Discussion: Even after taking into account that not all infertile women are in need of treatment, there is still a large unmet need for infertility treatment in the United States. Conclusion: Studies of the incidence of infertility should include measures of both trying to have a child and wanting to have a child.
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