Self-relevance and wishful thinking: Facilitation and distortion in source monitoring

Barber, Sarah J.; Gordon, Ruthanna; Franklin, Nancy

doi:10.3758/mc.37.4.434

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…According to the source-monitoring framework (Johnson, Hashtroudi, & Lindsay, 1993), memories are judgments about our subjective experience during remembering that may reflect source misattributions contaminated by information from other events or from prior schemas and motives. For example, adults misremember past events based on desired outcomes (Barber, Gordon, & Franklin, 2009; Gordon, Franklin, & Beck, 2005), engage in choice-supportive memory distortion about past decisions (Mather, Shafir, & Johnson, 2000), and selectively recall positive information to regulate their mood (Mather & Carstensen, 2005) or maintain a desirable self-view (Sanitioso, Kunda, & Fong, 1990). However, relatively little work has been done on such motivational factors in children’s memories.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A self-serving bias in children’s memories?

Tasimi¹,

Johnson²

2015

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General

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Although children's initial perceptions and judgments about sociomoral situations are being actively explored, little is known about what children remember about them. In four experiments testing over 400 children, we investigated children's memories for small acts of giving and taking. When asked to recall their own giving and taking, children were relatively accurate following a number of delays. In contrast, when asked to recall a child's giving or taking, children exaggerated the child's taking after a 1-day or 1-week delay. Notably, this pattern of misremembering occurred only when children recalled the actions of a child but not an adult. We consider the idea that children spontaneously engage in social comparison, which colors their memories of the social world.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A self-serving bias in children’s memories?

Tasimi¹,

Johnson²

2015

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General

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“…The use of photos and videos in media sources reporting important local and world events can invite people to remember events in ways consistent with photos that happen to be included with the story, though do not necessarily illustrate facts of the event. Memory errors can be readily produced when people try to understand situations by filling in the gaps (M. K. Johnson et al, 1993) and by being motivated to believe that events happened a certain way (Barber, Gordon, & Franklin, 2009;Benney & Henkel, 2006). Here we see that photos boost the rates at which people draw conclusions and claim that inferred events actually occurred.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seeing photos makes us read between the lines: The influence of photos on memory for inferences

Henkel

2012

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology

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Three studies examined how photos accompanying stories could contribute to people drawing inferences about outcomes from the stories and subsequently claiming that they had read what had actually only been inferred. Subjects read short stories designed to induce inferences about their conclusions (e.g., "Sabrina dropped the delicate vase" invites the inference that the vase broke) accompanied by a photo depicting the likely conclusion (the broken vase), a photo depicting a detail of the story but not the conclusion (the vase before it was dropped), or no photo. Results showed that seeing photographs consistent with inferred conclusions led people to falsely claim that they read those conclusions. Photo-boosted inferences were held with high confidence and were robust over time. Falsely recalled inferences were sometimes accompanied by false claims to have seen a photo depicting the inferred events when another photo or no photo had actually be seen. These findings support the source monitoring framework's prediction that people can mistakenly attribute their internally generated inferences about what occurred to externally derived sources when they have photographic "evidence" consistent with the inferred conclusions.

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“…At the same time, information supporting desirable outcomes is perceived to be more credible than information supporting undesirable outcomes (Barber et al 2009;Gordon et al 2005). In this sense, anticipated project success may be biased by people's insufficient consideration of the impact or occurrence probability of risk.…”

Section: H1bmentioning

confidence: 99%

Project managers’ overconfidence: how is risk reflected in anticipated project success?

Fabricius

Büttgen

2015

Bus Res

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Projects tend to exceed planned timelines and budgets. One reason may be that potential project risks are insufficiently reflected in anticipations of project success. Furthermore, project managers’ overconfidence may lead them to assess risk in a biased manner. The present study examines how risk assessment relates to overall anticipated project success and how overconfidence on the part of project managers influences such assessments. We assume that project managers’ risk awareness serves as a mediator between overconfidence and risk assessment. To observe the planning behavior of 204 project managers, we used a standardized, case-based survey. The results show that overconfidence reduces risk awareness among project managers, leading them to assess risks more optimistically and come to more positive conclusions about anticipated project success. When judging project success, project managers only consider the probability of a risk occurring; they do not factor in the impact of said risks on project success should the risks arise. Risks thus seem to be insufficiently reflected in anticipations of project success which might be a reason for high failure rates of projects.

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Self-relevance and wishful thinking: Facilitation and distortion in source monitoring

Cited by 12 publications

References 50 publications

A self-serving bias in children’s memories?

A self-serving bias in children’s memories?

Seeing photos makes us read between the lines: The influence of photos on memory for inferences

Project managers’ overconfidence: how is risk reflected in anticipated project success?

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