Self-recognition in autistic children

Dawson, Geraldine; McKissick, Fawn Celeste

doi:10.1007/bf02409829

Cited by 132 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Emitting self-directed responses in front of a mirror and passing the mark test indicate MSR; in humans this developmental landmark is achieved between 18 and 24 months of age (Amsterdam, 1972). MSR has mostly been studied in animals and healthy humans, but also in individuals diagnosed with autism (Dawson & McKissick, 1984), Down syndrome (Cunningham & Glenn, 2004), Alzheimer's disease (Biringer & Anderson, 1992), and schizophrenia (Lee, Kwon, Shin, Lee & Park, 2007), where deficits have been observed in these last three disorders. Video recordings of the self have been used to test time-delayed selfrecognition (e.g., Povinelli, Laudau & Perilloux, 1996).…”

Section: -Mirror Self-face Recognition (A) Msr and Self-awarenessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sugiura and his colleagues (2006) report cases of demented patients who have been seen combing or shaving in front of a mirror (the informal equivalent of the mark test) and yet failed to recognize their own mirror images. Most autistic individuals are capable of MSR (Dawson & McKissick, 1984;Mitchell, 1997b) but are characterized by alexithymia-serious difficulties in reflecting on their inner experience and identifying their subjective feelings (Silani, Bird, Brindley, Singer, Frith, & Frith, 2008). So MSR can be exhibited in the presence of important self-awareness deficits.…”

Section: -Mirror Self-face Recognition (A) Msr and Self-awarenessmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Self-recognition, theory-of-mind, and self-awareness: What side are you on?

Morin

2011

Laterality: Asymmetries of Body, Brain and Cognition

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A fashionable view in comparative psychology states that primates possess self-awareness because they exhibit mirror self-recognition (MSR), which in turn makes it possible to infer mental states in others ("Theory-of-Mind"; ToM). In cognitive neuroscience, an increasingly popular position holds that the right hemisphere represents the center of self-awareness because MSR and ToM tasks presumably increase activity in that hemisphere. In this chapter I critically assess these two claims as follows. MSR should not be equated with full-blown selfawareness; for instance, evidence suggests that MSR only requires kinesthetic self-knowledge and does not involve access to one's mental events. ToM and self-awareness are fairly independent and should also not be taken as equivalent notions; to illustrate, ToM implies a focus of attention on others, not on the self, whereas self-awareness exclusively entails self-focus. MSR and ToM tasks engage medial and left brain areas-not sites solely located in the right hemisphere, as recent meta-analyses of brain-imaging studies clearly show. Other selfawareness tasks besides MSR and ToM tasks (e.g., self-description, autobiography) mostly recruit medial and left brain areas. And inner speech, produced by the left hemisphere and which primates lack, plays a significant role in self-referential activity; indeed, accidental loss of inner speech following brain injury leads to self-awareness deficits. The conclusions I will reach based on this analysis is that (1) primates that display MSR most probably do not possess introspective self-awareness, and (2) self-related processes most likely engage a distributed network of brain regions situated in both hemispheres.

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Section: -Mirror Self-face Recognition (A) Msr and Self-awarenessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: -Mirror Self-face Recognition (A) Msr and Self-awarenessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-recognition, theory-of-mind, and self-awareness: What side are you on?

Morin

2011

Laterality: Asymmetries of Body, Brain and Cognition

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“…Typically developing children pass this task at approximately 18 months of age (Anderson, 1983;Courage, Edison, & Howe, 2004;Lewis & Ramsey, 2004) and a number of studies have demonstrated that children with ASD are capable of mirror self-recognition at a mental age of 18 months (Dawson & McKissick, 1984;Ferrari & Matthews, 1983;Neuman & Hill, 1978;Spiker & Ricks, 1984). This demonstrates that children with ASD detect the equivalence between the currently perceived mirror self-image and their represented bodily self-image (Povinelli, Delayed self-recognition in autism spectrum disorder 4 2001).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Delayed Self-recognition in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Lind

Bowler

2008

J Autism Dev Disord

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“…As mentioned previously, self images in a mirror can induce a coy reaction or exposure embarrassment that reflects lower-level selfawareness at the age of 24 months. An autism study by Dawson and McKissick showed that self-recognition measured by the mark test and imitation were not directly related, but rather imitation was related to public selfawareness (Dawson and McKissick 1984). These findings suggest the existence of a psychological construct such as "interest in self" (Fig.…”

Section: Right Ventral Precentral Gyrusmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…For instance, autistic children are able to recognize their own image in a mirror, but they display a neutral reaction to such images without demonstrable feelings of exposure embarrassment (Dawson and McKissick 1984;Spiker and Ricks 1984). Abused children also display a neutral or negative reaction to their image as reflected in a mirror, with little evidence of self-conscious emotion (Schneider-Rosen and Cicchetti 1991).…”

Section: Right Ventral Precentral Gyrusmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Neuroimaging in Developmental Social Psychology

Sadato

Morita

Itakura

2008

Brain Imaging and Behavior

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The development of social cognition is defined as the behavioral patterns, feelings, attitudes, and concepts that children manifest in relation to other people, and the way in which these different functions change with age. To understand the development of social cognition, modelling based on longitudinal behavioral observation is essential. Neuroimaging techniques will aid in this process by providing the neural basis of the psychological constructs, and the constraints for the model. Here, the issue of selfrecognition and self-evaluation is presented as an example. Technical advances will allow the application of functional neuroimaging techniques directly to babies and/or children, particularly under the age of 6 years old, in the near future.Keywords Developmental psychology . Functional MRI . Near-infrared spectroscopy . NIRS . Self-recognition Developmental social psychology and neuroimaging techniquesHow do we become social beings? This developmental social psychology question is attracting growing interest in Japan in the face of recent reports on the declining birthrate, the breakdown in classroom discipline, and social withdrawal. Social cognition is defined as the processing of information that culminates in the accurate perception of the dispositions and intentions of other individuals (Brothers 1990). The development of social cognition is defined as the behavioral patterns, feelings, attitudes, and concepts that children manifest in relation to other people, and the way in which these different functions change with age (Schaffer 1996).To understand the development of social cognition, initially we have to identify the elementary constructs of social cognition that can be measured and quantified. As with other psychological models, the models of developmental social cognition use hypothetical representations and the processes on them. There is no direct evidence supporting the existence of processes and representation: their existence must be inferred on the basis of the success of the model. However, hypothetical representation is sufficiently powerful to produce a limitless number of models to account for the data. Thus, some constraints are necessary (Willingham and Dunn 2003). Classically, reaction time or error/success rate in developmental psychology was the method used to provide such constraints. However, recent advances in neuroimaging techniques have provided another approach. Neuroimaging techniques such as functional MRI (fMRI) allow associations between the psychological constructs and specific human brain areas to be made non-invasively. The essence of this method is brain localization. Thus neuroimaging techniques are an additional way of differentiating between the models by their specific predictions for how fMRI response to the task would be affected by task parameters (Willingham and Dunn 2003).Longitudinal behavioral data allow us to describe changes in behavior across age, that is, the chronological order of the emergence of functions X and Y (behavioral milestones). ...

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Self-recognition in autistic children

Cited by 132 publications

References 24 publications

Self-recognition, theory-of-mind, and self-awareness: What side are you on?

Self-recognition, theory-of-mind, and self-awareness: What side are you on?

Delayed Self-recognition in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

The Role of Neuroimaging in Developmental Social Psychology

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