Self-rated amygdala activity: an auto-biological index of affective distress

MacDuffie, Katherine E.; Knodt, Annchen R.; Radtke, Spenser R.; Strauman, Timothy J.; Hariri, Ahmad R.

doi:10.1017/pen.2019.1

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(49 reference statements)

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“…While there are a number of possible explanations, this null effect is not unprecedented. Three recent large-sample studies (Duke Neurogenetics Study: n = 1,256; HCP: n = 319; Minnesota Twin Study: n = 548) failed to detect credible relations between amygdala reactivity to threat-related faces and individual differences in negative emotionality (MacDuffie, Knodt, Radtke, Strauman, & Hariri, 2019; Silverman et al, 2019; West, Burgess, Dust, Kandala, & Barch, in press ). Does this mean that the amygdala, BST, and PAG are unrelated to negative affect?…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anxiety-related frontocortical activity is associated with dampened stressor reactivity in the real world

Hur

Kuhn

Grogans

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Negative affect is a fundamental dimension of human emotion. When extreme, it contributes to a variety of adverse outcomes, from physical and mental illness to divorce and premature death. Mechanistic work in animals and neuroimaging research in humans has begun to reveal the broad contours of the neural circuits governing negative affect, but the relevance of these discoveries to everyday distress remains incompletely understood. Here we used a combination of approaches---including neuroimaging assays of threat anticipation and perception, >10,000 momentary assessments of emotional experience, and large-scale automated analyses of regional connectivity and co-activation---to demonstrate that individuals showing greater activation in a cingulo-opercular circuit during an anxiety-eliciting laboratory paradigm experience lower levels of stressor-dependent distress in their daily lives. Subcortical activation was not significantly related to momentary negative affect. These observations provide a framework for understanding the neurobiology of negative affect in the laboratory and in the real world.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anxiety-related frontocortical activity is associated with dampened stressor reactivity in the real world

Hur

Kuhn

Grogans

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…Although these are potentially interesting findings, they are primarily based on the association between observed changes in brain signal variability and the individuals’ subjective self-reported mental states. In this respect, a study by MacDuffie et al [ 206 ] that included 1256 human subjects concluded that such self-report ratings were unrelated to measured neural activation. The effect of this shortcoming can be indeed observed in meditation and mediated social communication studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Entropy and the Brain: An Overview

Keshmiri

2020

Entropy

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Entropy is a powerful tool for quantification of the brain function and its information processing capacity. This is evident in its broad domain of applications that range from functional interactivity between the brain regions to quantification of the state of consciousness. A number of previous reviews summarized the use of entropic measures in neuroscience. However, these studies either focused on the overall use of nonlinear analytical methodologies for quantification of the brain activity or their contents pertained to a particular area of neuroscientific research. The present study aims at complementing these previous reviews in two ways. First, by covering the literature that specifically makes use of entropy for studying the brain function. Second, by highlighting the three fields of research in which the use of entropy has yielded highly promising results: the (altered) state of consciousness, the ageing brain, and the quantification of the brain networks’ information processing. In so doing, the present overview identifies that the use of entropic measures for the study of consciousness and its (altered) states led the field to substantially advance the previous findings. Moreover, it realizes that the use of these measures for the study of the ageing brain resulted in significant insights on various ways that the process of ageing may affect the dynamics and information processing capacity of the brain. It further reveals that their utilization for analysis of the brain regional interactivity formed a bridge between the previous two research areas, thereby providing further evidence in support of their results. It concludes by highlighting some potential considerations that may help future research to refine the use of entropic measures for the study of brain complexity and its function. The present study helps realize that (despite their seemingly differing lines of inquiry) the study of consciousness, the ageing brain, and the brain networks’ information processing are highly interrelated. Specifically, it identifies that the complexity, as quantified by entropy, is a fundamental property of conscious experience, which also plays a vital role in the brain’s capacity for adaptation and therefore whose loss by ageing constitutes a basis for diseases and disorders. Interestingly, these two perspectives neatly come together through the association of entropy and the brain capacity for information processing.

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“…As a result, we were not able to verify whether the observed changes in the cortical flow of information was due to the significantly different mindset of HIGH versus LOW groups (i.e., as far as their subjective responses to the questionnaires were concerned) or it rather captured a substantial change in the brain functions whose gradual effect could be traced along the stress-effect spectrum. Considering the findings that identified the individuals' subjective ratings to best predict their distress across a variety of self-report measures [108], future research can broaden the scope of the present study to the case in which individuals with broader stress responses are included. This, in turn, can allow for more informed conclusion on generalizability of observed differences between HIGH and LOW stress-susceptible groups to more inclusive scenario in which wider range of stress responses are considered.…”

Section: Limitations and Future Directionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…STAI-G-X2 consists of 20 items that are rated using a four-point Likert scale, ranging from 1 (almost never) to 4 (nearly always). It is worthy of note that our approach to selecting the individuals based on their responses to questionnaires was motivated by a recent study by MacDuffieet et al [ 108 ] (1256 human subjects) in which the authors reported that individuals’ subjective ratings were the best predictors of their distress across a variety of self-report measures. They further concluded that such measures may represent informative indicators of individuals’ psychological function.…”

Section: Appendix A1 Determination Of Participants’ Stress-susceptimentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress Changes the Resting-State Cortical Flow of Information from Distributed to Frontally Directed Patterns

Keshmiri

2020

Biology

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Despite converging evidence on the involvement of large-scale distributed brain networks in response to stress, the effect of stress on the components of these networks is less clear. Although some studies identify higher regional activities in response to stress, others observe an opposite effect in the similar regions. Studies based on synchronized activities and coactivation of these components also yield similar differing results. However, these differences are not necessarily contradictory once we observe the effect of stress on these functional networks in terms of the change in information processing capacity of their components. In the present study, we investigate the utility of such a shift in the analysis of the effect of stress on distributed cortical regions through quantification of the flow of information among them. For this purpose, we use the self-assessed responses of 216 individuals to stress-related questionnaires and systematically select 20 of them whose responses showed significantly higher and lower susceptibility to stress. We then use these 20 individuals’ resting-state multi-channel electroencephalography (EEG) recordings (both Eyes-Closed (EC) and Eyes-Open (EO) settings) and compute the distributed flow of information among their cortical regions using transfer entropy (TE). The contribution of the present study is three-fold. First, it identifies that the stress-susceptibility is characterized by the change in flow of information in fronto-parietal brain network. Second, it shows that these regions are distributed bi-hemispherically and are sufficient to significantly differentiate between the individuals with high versus low stress-susceptibility. Third, it verifies that the high stress-susceptibility is markedly associated with a higher parietal-to-frontal flow of information. These results provide further evidence for the viewpoint in which the brain’s modulation of information is not necessarily accompanied by the change in its regional activity. They further construe the effect of stress in terms of a disturbance that disrupts the flow of information among the brain’s distributed cortical regions. These observations, in turn, suggest that some of the differences in the previous findings perhaps reflect different aspects of impaired distributed brain information processing in response to stress. From a broader perspective, these results posit the use of TE as a potential diagnostic/prognostic tool in identification of the effect of stress on distributed brain networks that are involved in stress-response.

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Self-rated amygdala activity: an auto-biological index of affective distress

Cited by 9 publications

References 36 publications

Anxiety-related frontocortical activity is associated with dampened stressor reactivity in the real world

Anxiety-related frontocortical activity is associated with dampened stressor reactivity in the real world

Entropy and the Brain: An Overview

Stress Changes the Resting-State Cortical Flow of Information from Distributed to Frontally Directed Patterns

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