“…[5][6][7][8][9] Additionally, a surface tension gradient-induced Marangoni ow can lead to powerful propulsion of small objects. [10][11][12] In a similar manner, soap boats, 13 camphor crystals, 14 organic solvent-loaded objects 15,16 and depolymerizable plastics 17 can move on a planar water surface due to Marangoni propulsion: the dissolution of chemicals, which decrease surface tension of water, creates a surface tension gradient at the air-water interface, which induces motion. Recently, light-induced Marangoni ow has been proven to work as a powerful propulsion force to move small objects.…”