Self‐Propelled Nanomotors with an Alloyed Engine for Emergency Rescue of Traumatic Brain Injury

Abstract

In severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI), acute oxidative stress and inflammatory cascades rapidly spread to cause irreversible brain damage and low survival rate within minutes. Therefore, developing a feasible solution for the quick‐treatment of life‐threatening emergency is urgently demanded to earn time for hospital treatment. Herein, Janus catalysis‐driven nanomotors (JCNs) are carefully constructed via plasma‐induced alloying technology and sputtering‐caused half‐coating strategy. The theoretical calculation and experiment results indicate that the heteroatom‐doping alloyed engine endows JCNs with much higher catalytic activity for removing reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species than common Pt‐based engines. When JCNs are dropped to the surface of the ruptured skull, they can effectively catalyze endogenous hydrogen peroxide, which induces movement as fuels to promote JCNs to deep brain lesions for further nanocatalyst‐mediated cascade‐blocking therapy. The results demonstrate that the JCNs successfully block the inflammatory cascades, thereby reversing multiple behavioral defects and dramatically declining the mortality of sTBI mice. This work provides a revolutionary nanomotor‐based strategy to sense brain injury and scavenge oxidative stress. Meanwhile, the JCNs provide a feasible strategy to adapt various first‐aid scenarios due to their self‐propelled movement combined with highly multienzyme‐like catalytic activity, exhibiting tremendous therapeutic potential to help people for emergency pretreatment.

Dual‐Responsive Nanorobot‐Based Marsupial Robotic System for Intracranial Cross‐Scale Targeting Drug Delivery

“…Despite the demonstrated feasibility and biosafety of the marsupial robotic system for intracranial cross-scale targeted drug delivery, our future endeavors will focus on the design and implementation of animal experiments, which are crucial for determining clinical settings, planning delivery paths within the living brain, and identifying and mitigating potential risks. Although studies on brain tumor treatments generally use rats, [3,17,32] small animal models are not suitable for evaluating motion ability of our system due to the wide disparity in intracranial space between small animals and humans. To ensure the practical feasibility of the robotic therapeutic platform in clinical scenarios, in vivo experiments using large animal models, such as pigs and sheep, should be conducted to comprehensively evaluate the potential of our proposed technique.…”

“…In this regard, MNRs outperform traditional passive nanocarriers in terms of targeting capability, [23][24][25] drug delivery efficiency, [26][27][28] and tissue penetration [29][30][31] based on their active movement. Although targeting movement of MNRs to several organs and large cavities (e.g., brain, [3,17,32] gastrointestinal tract, [33][34][35] and bladder [36,37] ) has been achieved, considering the velocity limited by their tiny bodies, human-scale navigation of MNRs will inevitably result in a compromise of the delivery efficiency. Furthermore, in the complex in vivo physico-chemical environment, this inefficient journey will lead to interference from the dynamic fluid environment, wastage of the carried drugs, and possibility of unexpected reactions.…”

In Situ Forming of Nitric Oxide and Electric Stimulus for Nerve Therapy by Wireless Chargeable Gold Yarn‐Dynamos

“…This secondary injury involves neuronal and glial cell death, leading to impair brain functions and severe glial scar, hindering recovery from TBI. [2][3][4][5] After TBI, Cerebral atrophy, a common complication, is important for the recovery of brain tissue, manifested in the motor and sensory cortex, resulting in an impeded return of normal brain function. [6] Despite recent advances in neuroscience, the difficulties in TBI treatments still stems from the heterogeneity and high complexity of TBI, and effective treatments for recovery from TBI remain lacking.…”

Type I Collagen‐Adhesive and ROS‐Scavenging Nanoreactors Enhanced Retinal Ganglion Cell Survival in an Experimental Optic Nerve Crush Model

“…•− ). [13,14] In addition, reactive nitrogen species (RNS), especially nitric oxide (NO), can react with the free radical superoxide and contribute to neuronal cell damage in the retina. [15] The relevance of ROS to the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative ocular diseases, such as TON, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, and diabetic retinopathy, is becoming increasingly apparent.…”