In Situ Forming of Nitric Oxide and Electric Stimulus for Nerve Therapy by Wireless Chargeable Gold Yarn‐Dynamos

Abstract

Endogenous signals, namely nitric oxide (NO) and electrons, play a crucial role in regulating cell fate as well as the vascular and neuronal systems. Unfortunately, utilizing NO and electrical stimulation in clinical settings can be challenging due to NO's short half‐life and the invasive electrodes required for electrical stimulation. Additionally, there is a lack of tools to spatiotemporally control gas release and electrical stimulation. To address these issues, an “electromagnetic messenger” approach that employs on‐demand high‐frequency magnetic field (HFMF) to trigger NO release and electrical stimulation for restoring brain function in cases of traumatic brain injury is introduced. The system comprises a NO donor (poly(S‐nitrosoglutathione), pGSNO)‐conjugated on a gold yarn‐dynamos (GY) and embedded in an implantable silk in a microneedle. When subjected to HFMF, conductive GY induces eddy currents that stimulate the release of NO from pGSNO. This process significantly enhances neural stem cell (NSC) synapses' differentiation and growth. The combined strategy of using NO and electrical stimulation to inhibit inflammation, angiogenesis, and neuronal interrogation in traumatic brain injury is demonstrated in vivo.

A Self-Cascade Penetrating Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Mediated by Near-Infrared II Cell Membrane-Disrupting Nanoflakes via Detained Dendritic Cells

“…The cytotoxic T cells are often hampered by tumor heterogeneity constituted of high interstitial fluid pressure (IFP) and the presence of cancer-associated fibroblasts. They limit transport and immune escape of therapeutic agents, especially in the brain. − To address these issues, one potential strategy is to use specific particles to create gaps between cancer cells, called nanoparticle-induced endothelial leakage (NanoEL). − It induces extravasation of cancer cells into the surrounding vascular areas. The NanoEL gaps also allowed for nanomedicine to pass through, which has been reported recently. − It is intended to kill tumors, but it may also inadvertently cause leakage in tumor vasculature, thereby lowering the intravascular barrier for viable cancer cells to enter the circulation. , Furthermore, utilizing NanoEL gold particles leads to increased leakage of larger sized nanoparticles and could bring about complete regression of primary tumors and attack against the secondary metastatic tumor when it is at the micrometastasis stage .…”