Self‐powered polymer–metal oxide hybrid solar cell for non‐enzymatic potentiometric sensing of bilirubin

Abstract

Biofuel cell and enzyme‐based self‐powered sensors (SPS) have been reported for various metabolite sensing. However, it is essential to eliminate enzymes to reduce the cost and long‐term stability of the SPS. Here, we developed polymer (polyaniline–polyvinyl alcohol) and metal oxide (aluminium‐doped zinc oxide) hybrid solar cell self‐powered potentiometric sensor for bilirubin (BR) quantification accurately in blood. The hybrid solar device showed an open circuit potential (OCP) of 0.427 V and increases to 0.8 V upon visible light irradiation and interaction with bilirubin. The sensor shows dynamic range from 3 µg/dl to 87 mg/dl (0.05 µM–1.5 mM) with r2 0.9981 with detection limit of 1.2 ± 0.06 µg/dl. Data reading was achieved by connecting a simple multimeter without using any other active electronic components. Blood bilirubin from the jaundice patients is quantified and compared with the biochemical assay.

Surgical management of breast cancer in China: the Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center experience

“…The triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) [5]- [7] and the piezoelectric nanogenerator (PENG) [8]- [10], for example, could exploit random mechanical energy into the powering source. Recent works have shown the promising concept in the potential applications of wireless or flexible electronic devices [11]- [15], internet of things (IoTs) [16]- [18], healthcare and medical areas [19]- [22]. Besides nanogenerators, there are other self-powered sensing concepts based on various mechanisms like the photovoltaic (PV) [15], [23]- [25], thermoelectric/pyroelectric [23], [26]- [29], electromagnetic [30], [31], and electrochemical effects [32], [33].…”

Electrochemical approaches based on micro- and nanomaterials for diagnosing oxidative stress

“…The amperometric technique at a constant potential (+0.35 V) was used to detect the bilirubin with a detection limit of 1.4 nM and the linear range 1-5000 M. Good stability and repeatability within a confidence level of 96% was obtained for 40 successive measurements, as well as appreciable long-term storage stability (identical response after two days small decrease by 3.4% after 10 days and 7% after more than 2 months). Table 8 offers a comparison of the analytical parameters reported for some electrochemical sensors for bilirubin detection [190][191][192][193][194][195][196][197][198][199][200] (with a more comprehensive Table S8 in SI). DFM-CHIT-GCE 3300 10 nm to100 nM CV [192] AuNPs/TTF-COOH/RGO 0.74 2.66-83 CV [193] ISE 0.1 0.10-1000 PM [194] Pt microelectrodes/CVD nanographite 56±33 -------------SWV [195] BOx/nano Au/CHIT/micro AuE 0.005 0.01 -500 EIS [196] Er…”