Self‐Powered Gyroscope Angle Sensor Based on Resistive Matching Effect of Triboelectric Nanogenerator

Abstract

Progressive improvements of the Internet of Things (IoT) promote the sustainable development of the modern information society. [1,2] When the IoT is an analogy to the human sense as a means to immediately acquire precise environmental information, the large-scale and widely distributed sensor networks are similar to synaptic terminals, which are available to accurately realize various functions of intelligent identification, positioning, tracking, monitoring, and management. Among them, motion sensors, such as accelerometer, tilt sensor, vibration sensor, and rotation sensor, are widely utilized in health care, civil defense, industrial production, and home security. [3][4][5] Gyroscope is one of the most widely used motion sensors, which is dependent on the inertia to make the rotating shaft of the gyroscope rotor maintain a fixed direction under high-speed rotating motion and simultaneously measure the angular movement. [6,7] After incorporating the signal processing circuit, the gyroscope could not only realize the artificial intelligence health monitoring, for example, evaluating the patient's exercise ability after treatment, analyzing and testing the training performance of the athletes but also be applied to military automatic control systems, for instance, monitoring the flying posture of drones and taking photos, detecting the trajectory of space shuttles, trains, and ships, and locating the precise positions of mine tunnels, missile silos, and oil base. [8,9] Nowadays, there are mainly three types of gyroscope sensors, namely mechanical, optical fiber, and microelectromechanical system (MEMS) gyroscopes, providing information on motion variables such as acceleration, angle, tilt, and angular velocity. [10,11] Although these gyroscopes have been employed in multiple scenarios in the air, ground, ocean, and space, an external power source is required for the energy supply, which suffers weak battery endurance. The gyroscopes could not operate continuously, since batteries are obliged to be substituted or recharged frequently. However, it is difficult to replace the battery under extreme weather and unique environments. Moreover, the enormous power supply system induces severe challenges to manufacturing the sensor networks for IoT in mass production.Ubiquitous mechanical movements such as wind, tide, vibration, and human body motion could be exploited as a

A Self-Supporting, Conductor-Exposing, Stretchable, Ultrathin, and Recyclable Kirigami-Structured Liquid Metal Paper for Multifunctional E-Skin

“…It was found that as the frequency increased from 1 to 6 Hz, the peak V OC increased from 209.7 to 542.6 V. The enhanced peak V OC can be ascribed to improved contact−separation rate between different friction materials, inducing a greater amount of triboelectric charges in the same period. 46,47 Figure 5i presents the output voltage of the KLP under different applied forces. With the increase of applied force from 20 to 45 N, the peak V OC increased from 247.1 to 621.2 V. This is because the larger applied force could enhance the effective contact area between the different friction materials, resulting in more transferred charges.…”

A Review of Recent Advances in Vital Signals Monitoring of Sports and Health via Flexible Wearable Sensors

“…However, inertial sensors based on self-power need an external monitoring circuit. To decrease complexity and improve stability and sensitivity, Xie et al [ 74 ] proposed a gyroscope based on the impedance matching effect of TENG for measuring relative rotation angle, containing a freestanding-mode rotary dis-shaped triboelectric nanogenerator, a resistive rotation angle sensor, and a light-emitting diode (LED) alert display, with a high sensitivity of (67.3 mv −1 ), good linearity between the output voltage and the rotation angle, and quick response of 20 ms in the range of 0~260°. At the same time, the device removed the batteries and management circuits to simplify the system and used the quantized LED to display the rotation angles.…”

Solid-Liquid Triboelectric Nanogenerator Based on Vortex-Induced Resonance

“…Liyun Ma et al [ 45 ] developed smart protective clothing based on triboelectric nanogenerators, which collect motion to power the monitoring system. Xinkai Xie et al [ 46 ] utilized TENG to design a self-powered gyroscope angle sensor to detect the relative rotation angle. Song Wang et al [ 47 ] designed a self-powered tilt sensor based on an SL-TENG, which demonstrates stable output and high sensitivity.…”