“…[11] Attributing to its superior output performance and robustness, the TENG has witnessed extensive applications in harvesting multiple types of energy such as rain, [12][13] wind, [14][15] ocean waves, [16][17] and vibration. [18][19] Its distinctive response to external stimuli and the absence of an external power supply have also made it a favored choice across a wide array of sensor applications, including tactile, [20][21] acoustic, [22] acceleration, [23][24] displacement, [25][26][27][28] and angle sensing. [29][30] For instance, Chen et al devised a self-powered motion tracking system to monitor moving speed, direction, acceleration, starting and ending positions, and even the moving path of a moving object.…”