Self–other recognition impairments in individuals with schizophrenia: a new experimental paradigm using a double mirror

Abstract

Clinical observations suggest early self-consciousness disturbances in schizophrenia. A double mirror combining the images of two individuals sitting on each side of the mirror was used to study self–other differentiation in 12 individuals with early onset schizophrenia (EOS) and 15 individuals with adult onset schizophrenia (AOS) compared to 27 typically developing controls (TDC) matched on age and sex. The effects of intermodal sensory perception (visual–tactile and visual–kinesthetic) on self–other recognition were also studied. The results showed that EOS and AOS individuals, independently of age and schizophrenia severity, were centered on their own image compared to TDC, with both significant earlier self-recognition and delayed other-recognition during the visual recognition task. In addition, there was no significant effect of intermodal sensory stimulation on self–other recognition in EOS and AOS patients, whereas self-centered functioning was significantly increased by visual–tactile stimulation and decreased by visual–kinesthetic stimulation in TDC. The findings suggest that self–other recognition impairments might be a possible endophenotypic trait of schizophrenia.

Exploring Self-Consciousness From Self- and Other-Image Recognition in the Mirror: Concepts and Evaluation

“…Self-other recognition impairments have been also examined in schizophrenia by Slowinski et al (2017) but they used a “mirror game” (without a real mirror) based on interactions between the patient and an artificial agent, a computer avatar or a humanoid robot, which cannot be compared to self-other recognition involving only human individuals. The paradigm of the double mirror was used for the first time to study self-other differentiation in individuals with schizophrenia compared to typically developing controls (TDC) (Keromnes et al, 2018). The visual recognition task consisted in recognizing more the other’s face through the mirror (as through a transparent window) or his/her own face reflected in the mirror according to the light intensity of the LEDs set (the higher the light intensity is, the more visible is the image).…”

Looking within: Interoceptive sensibility in young adults with psychotic‐like experiences

“…Among mental disorders, psychosis, characterized by clinical, cognitive, and functional impairment, represents one of the most studied. A vast body of literature has described disrupted sleep (e.g., Batalla-Martín et al, 2020;Ong et al, 2020), aberrant sense of self (e.g., Keromnes et al, 2018;Moe & Docherty, 2014;Parnas & Handest, 2003), and impaired social cognition (Green et al, 2015;Vaskinn & Horan, 2020) as core features of psychosis. These deficits, along with anomalous bodily experiences (Nyboe et al, 2016;Stanghellini et al, 2012), and neuroanatomical and functional abnormalities within the insular cortex (Ebisch et al, 2013;Ebisch et al, 2014;Karrer et al, 2019), provide indirect evidence to suggest that interoception may be impaired in those with psychosis.…”

Evolución en el diagnóstico del trastorno afectivo bipolar entre 2010 y 2015. Caldas, Colombia

“…Los abordajes diagnósticos también pueden cambiar de acuerdo a las variaciones en escalas de medición como el DSM (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) (37) , y aunque este ha sido aceptado universalmente como la última autoridad en psicopatología y diagnosis, sus criterios diagnósticos incluyen solamente algunos síntomas característicos. Así mismo, el valor pronóstico (duración, curso y severidad de la enfermedad), fueron definidos arbitrariamente y convencionalmente, mostrando por lo tanto poco acuerdo entre los sistemas de medición DSM y el ICD (38,39) .…”