Objetivou-se comparar os efeitos de diferentes doses de gonadotrofina coriônica equina (eCG) na dinâmica folicular e nas concentrações hormonais em cabras alpinas. Durante a estação reprodutiva, as cabras foram submetidas à sincronização do estro e da ovulação com um dispositivo de progesterona por 14 dias. As cabras (n=24) foram divididas aleatoriamente, em quatro grupos de seis e, no dia da remoção do dispositivo, receberam 0 (controle), 200, 300 e 400 UI de eCG. O desenvolvimento folicular foi observado via ultrassonografia um dia antes da administração da eCG até a ovulação seguinte. Determinaram-se diariamente as concentrações plasmáticas de estradiol e progesterona por radioimunoensaio. Todos os animais tratados manifestaram estro. Observaram-se ciclos estrais com três e quatro ondas de crescimento folicular. O tamanho do maior folículo nos animais controle na terceira onda (5,5 ± 0,50 mm) foi menor que naqueles tratados com 300 UI de eCG (7,17 ± 0,35 mm). A aplicação de gonadotrofina aumentou o número de folículos pequenos e médios em relação ao grupo controle, uma vez que o número médio de corpos lúteos foi maior nas fêmeas tratadas com 400 UI (4,27 ± 0,23) em comparação àquelas tratadas com 200 UI (1,95 ± 0,19). A concentração plasmática de progesterona e estradiol diferiu entre os grupos experimentais. A combinação de progestágenos e eCG é uma alternativa adequada para a sincronização do estro e suporta o desenvolvimento de novos protocolos de técnicas reprodutivas, como a superovulação e a transferência de embriões em cabras.
Free and total carnitine quantification is important as a complementary test for the diagnosis of unusual metabolic diseases, including fatty acid degradation disorders. The present study reports a new method for the quantification of free and total carnitine in dried plasma specimens by isotope dilution electrospray tandem mass spectrometry with sample derivatization. Carnitine is determined by looking for the precursor of ions of m/z = 103 of N-butylester derivative, and the method is validated by comparison with radioenzymatic assay. We obtained an inter-and intra-day assay coefficient of variation of 4.3 and 2.3, respectively. Free and total carnitine was analyzed in 309 dried plasma spot samples from children ranging in age from newborn to 14 years using the new method, which was found to be suitable for calculating reference age-related values for free and total carnitine (less than one month: 19.3 ± 2.4 and 23.5 ± 2.9; one to twelve months: 28.8 ± 10.2 and 35.9 ± 11.4; one to seven years: 30.7 ± 10.3 and 38.1 ± 11.9; seven to 14 years: 33.7 ± 11.6, and 43.1 ± 13.8 µM, respectively). No difference was found between males and females. A significant difference was observed between neonates and the other age groups. We compare our data with reference values in the literature, most of them obtained by radioenzymatic assay. However, this method is laborious and time consuming. The electrospray tandem mass spectrometry method presented here is a reliable, rapid and automated procedure for carnitine quantitation.
The idealized vision of the physician-patient relationship was characterized by patient trust and physician availability, in a long-term relationship in which physicians knew many things about their patients and their families, being the physician a part of the patient's community. Physician employers, pharmaceutical companies, and insurance companies have abruptly entered the once private relationship between physicians and patients, changing a true relationship into a simple encounter. The substitution of the generic terms physician and patient for provider and client mirrors the increased impersonality of the encounter based on the commercialization of medicine. The present review analyzes the situations, which have led to the progressive and unavoidable deterioration of the physician-patient relationship within a globalized society.
Los métodos utilizados de manera rutinaria para la determinación del perfil lipídico en humanos, una especie con patrón metabólico LDL ("Lipoproteínas de baja densidad") pueden ser inadecuados para la determinación del perfil lipídico en especies con patrón HDL ("Lipoproteínas de alta densidad"). El presente estudio tuvo por objetivo comparar el método de precipitación y el método de Friedewald para la determinación del colesterol LDL en una especie con patrón HDL. Se tomaron muestras de sangre, en estado de ayuno, de 200 equinos de diferentes edades sin discriminación de sexo. Se extrajo el suero y se determinaron los niveles de colesterol LDL mediante los dos métodos en estudio. Los valores con el método de precipitación fueron de 32 ± 8.8 mg/dl y por el método de Friedewald de 29 ± 7.7 mg/dl (p<0.05). Dada la diferencia de valores entre métodos, se recomienda el uso del método de Friedewald para determinar los niveles de colesterol LDL en el esquino, especie con patrón HDL.
The analysis of acylcarnitines as products of incubation of intact fibroblasts with isotope-labelled precursors, usually (16-(2)H(3))hexadecanoic acid, is an advanced in vitro method for the study of mitochondrial beta-oxidation defects. We propose a technique for the measurement of the organic acid intermediates after hydrolysis of the acylcarnitines using electron-impact gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. For some mitochondrial beta-oxidation deficiencies, the characteristic profile enables us to approach the diagnosis with clear differentiation.
RESUMENLa familia Didelphidae representa la mayoría de los marsupiales americanos ampliamente distribuidos en América del Sur, ocupando casi todo tipo de hábitats, a excepción de zonas altas y zonas desérticas. Los marsupiales de la familia varían de tamaño y algunos autores los describen como medianos y grandes, mientras que otros los describen de tamaño pequeño y mediano. El presente trabajo aporta una descripción morfológica de las zarigüeyas ubicadas en una región del suroccidente colombiano. Palabras clave: zarigüeya, morfología, taxonomía, mamíferos ABSTRACTDidelphidae family represents the majority of American marsupials distributed in South America. They are present in most type of habitats except in high mountains and deserts. They have different sizes and are described by some authors as medium and large size, while others indicate small and medium sizes. The present work contributes with a description of Didelphys marsupialis located in the south west region of Colombia
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