Self-Organizing and Scalable Routing Protocol (SOSRP) for Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks

Hindu, Sateesh Kumar; Hyder, Waheeduddin; Luque-Nieto, Miguel-Ángel; Poncela, Javier; Otero, Pablo

doi:10.3390/s19143130

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The energy efficiency issue has been addressed in SOSRP [ 7 ], where a decentralized self-organizable scalable routing protocol is proposed, where a node failure does not affect the communication in the network. It is a hop-by-hop-based communication protocol where messages are forwarded to the gateway by the relay nodes.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy-Efficient Packet Forwarding Scheme Based on Fuzzy Decision-Making in Underwater Sensor Networks

Pabani

Luque-Nieto

Hyder

et al. 2021

Sensors

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Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) are subjected to a multitude of real-life challenges. Maintaining adequate power consumption is one of the critical ones, for obvious reasons. This includes proper energy consumption due to nodes close to and far from the sink node (gateway), which affect the overall energy efficiency of the system. These wireless sensors gather and route the data to the onshore base station through the gateway at the sea surface. However, finding an optimum and efficient path from the source node to the gateway is a challenging task. The common reasons for the loss of energy in existing routing protocols for underwater are (1) a node shut down due to battery drainage, (2) packet loss or packet collision which causes re-transmission and hence affects the performance of the system, and (3) inappropriate selection of sensor node for forwarding data. To address these issues, an energy efficient packet forwarding scheme using fuzzy logic is proposed in this work. The proposed protocol uses three metrics: number of hops to reach the gateway node, number of neighbors (in the transmission range of a node) and the distance (or its equivalent received signal strength indicator, RSSI) in a 3D UWSN architecture. In addition, the performance of the system is also tested with adaptive and non-adaptive transmission ranges and scalable number of nodes to see the impact on energy consumption and number of hops. Simulation results show that the proposed protocol performs better than other existing techniques or in terms of parameters used in this scheme.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy-Efficient Packet Forwarding Scheme Based on Fuzzy Decision-Making in Underwater Sensor Networks

Pabani

Luque-Nieto

Hyder

et al. 2021

Sensors

Self Cite

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“…The decentralized and routing table-based strategy SOSRP [18], Implemented that lists the total number of hops from the source to the sink node. Routes were self-structured and therefore unused nodes were isolated.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Underwater Resurrection Routing Synergy using Astucious Energy Pods

Ashraf

Raza

Aslam

et al. 2020

jrc

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The accomplishment of sustainable communication among source and destination sink node is a rigors challenge and even establishing bodacious communication link between these nodes is nothing short of a miracle because data routes are governed by the underwater environment. Energy consumption has a significant influence as all active devices rely on the battery. As cost-effective data packet transmission is established as a norm, no charging or replacement can be achieved. Hop link evaluation and shrewd connection discovery by way of a resurrecting linking element were just a genuinely grim task, and only feasible to create the extra powered energy pods (URR-SAEP) that had never been carried out before after detailed study. After packet transfer, the sensor node performs the link inspection process, and when a link is deemed shaky at less than or equivalent to 50 percent of capacity, the target node incorporates its residual capacity status and returns it to the source node that attaches other unoptimizable energy pods to improve only the targeted node link from 50 percent to 90 percent. Performance evaluation using NS2 with Aqua-Sim 2.0 simulator has been obtained comparing with DBR and EEDBR protocols in terms of point-to-point delay, Packet dissemination ratio, Network lifespan and Energy Diminution.

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“…A decentralized and routing tables dependent strategy, namely Self-Organizing and Scalable Routing Protocol (SOSRP) [21] has been presented which enumerated the total number of hops from the source to the sink node. Routes were self-restructured, thereby isolating the inactive nodes.…”

Section: Location-free Opportunistic Routingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of Shrewd Underwater Routing Synergy Using Porous Energy Shells

et al. 2020

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During the course of ubiquitous data monitoring in the underwater environment, achieving sustainable communication links among the sensor nodes with astute link quality seems an ordeal challenge. Energy utilization has a direct impact because all active devices are battery dependent and no charging or replacement actions can be made when cost- effective data packet delivery has been set as the benchmark. Hop link inspection and the selection of a Shrewd link through a resurrecting link factor have been nothing short of a bleak challenge, and only possible after meticulous research to develop a shrewd underwater routing synergy using extra porous energy shells (SURS-PES) which has never been conducted before. After broadcasting packets, the sensor node conducts a link inspection phase, thereby, if any link is found to be less than or equal to 50% shaky, the destination receiving node adds its residual energy status and returns it to the source node which adds some unusable energy porous shell to strengthen the link from 5% to a maximum of 90% and sends it only to the targeted node, therefore, an unaltered data packet delivery is anticipated. Performance evaluation was carried out using an NS2 simulator and the obtained results were compared with depth-based routing (DBR) and energy efficient DBR (EEDBR) to observe the outcomes with results that confirmed the previously mentioned direction for research in this area.

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Self-Organizing and Scalable Routing Protocol (SOSRP) for Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks

Cited by 15 publications

References 20 publications

Energy-Efficient Packet Forwarding Scheme Based on Fuzzy Decision-Making in Underwater Sensor Networks

Energy-Efficient Packet Forwarding Scheme Based on Fuzzy Decision-Making in Underwater Sensor Networks

Underwater Resurrection Routing Synergy using Astucious Energy Pods

Design of Shrewd Underwater Routing Synergy Using Porous Energy Shells

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