Self organized terminode routing simulation

Blažević, Ljubica; Giordano, Silvia; Boudec, Jean-Yves Le

doi:10.1145/381591.381611

Cited by 72 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Using the obstacle model with the obstacles, the average number of neighbors per node is lower than in the random models. 6 This can be explained by the fact that nodes that are across obstacles are obstructed by walls of the obstacles that attenuate the signal strength of the packets. Thus, the effective communication range between a pair of nodes is reduced.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This increase is directly dependent on the topology of the network. 6 Here, the term "random models" refer to the random waypoint model and the random direction model. For instance, if a completely obstructing obstacle was placed horizontally across 90% of the network width, the path length from one side of the obstacle to the other would be increased significantly.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mobile nodes are only allowed to move on horizontal and vertical pathways. Similarly, in the restricted random waypoint mobility model [6], nodes move within a certain geographic location, for instance a town, for a majority of the time. However, nodes may occasionally move from one town to another over a freeway.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Real-world environment models for mobile network evaluation

Jardosh

Belding-Royer

Almeroth

et al. 2005

IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun.

138

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Abstract-Simulation environments are an important tool for the evaluation of new concepts in networking. The study of mobile ad hoc networks depends on understanding protocols from simulations, before these protocols are implemented in a real-world setting. To produce a real-world environment within which an ad hoc network can be formed among a set of nodes, there is a need for the development of realistic, generic and comprehensive mobility, and signal propagation models. In this paper, we propose the design of a mobility and signal propagation model that can be used in simulations to produce realistic network scenarios. Our model allows the placement of obstacles that restrict movement and signal propagation. Movement paths are constructed as Voronoi tessellations with the corner points of these obstacles as Voronoi sites. Our mobility model also introduces a signal propagation model that emulates properties of fading in the presence of obstacles. As a result, we have developed a complete environment in which network protocols can be studied on the basis of numerous performance metrics. Through simulation, we show that the proposed mobility model has a significant impact on network performance, especially when compared with other mobility models. In addition, we also observe that the performance of ad hoc network protocols is effected when different mobility scenarios are utilized.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Real-world environment models for mobile network evaluation

Jardosh

Belding-Royer

Almeroth

et al. 2005

IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun.

138

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show abstract

“…Another class of protocols use the idea of routing via dedicated fixed anchors (e.g., [4,5]), but such techniques depend on deployment of fixed anchor nodes. Gao et al [11] propose a randomized kinetic clustering algorithm to create a set of clusters in a set of moving nodes; they also present a detailed evaluation of the properties of such clustering.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safari: A self-organizing, hierarchical architecture for scalable ad hoc networking

Khan

PalChaudhuri

et al. 2008

Ad Hoc Networks

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As wireless devices become more pervasive, mobile ad hoc networks are gaining importance, motivating the development of highly scalable ad hoc networking techniques. In this paper, we give an overview of the Safari architecture for highly scalable ad hoc network routing, and we present the design and evaluation of a specific realization of the Safari architecture, which we call Masai. We focus in this work on the scalability of learning and maintaining the routing state necessary for a large ad hoc network. The Safari architecture provides scalable ad hoc network routing, the seamless integration of infrastructure networks when and where they are available, and the support of self-organizing, decentralized network applications. Safari's architecture is based on (1) a self-organizing network hierarchy that recursively groups participating nodes into an adaptive, locality-based hierarchy of cells; (2) a routing protocol that uses a hybrid of proactive and reactive routing information in the cells and scales to much larger numbers of nodes than previous ad hoc network routing protocols; and (3) a distributed hash table grounded in the network hierarchy, which supports decentralized network services on top of Safari. We evaluate the Masai realization of the Safari architecture through analysis and simulations, under varying network sizes, fraction of mobile nodes, and offered traffic loads. Compared to both the DSR and the L+ routing protocols, our results show that the Masai realization of the Safari architecture is significantly more scalable, with much higher packet delivery ratio and lower overhead.

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“…Terminode routing [2] uses geographic location information. It includes two parts: Terminode Local Routing (TLR) which forwards packets to destinations based on local routing tables in two-hop vicinity, and Terminode Remote Routing (TRR) which uses a greedy forwarding approach to send packets to remote destination on anchored path.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Logical Location-based Routing with Hole-shadowing in Large-scale MANETs

Wang

Zhang

Cao

2006

2006 IEEE International Conference on Communications

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Abstract---The Virtual Dynamic Backbone (VDB) is proposed in the infrastructure-less Mobile Ad hoc NETworks (MANETs) to seek for similar capabilities of the high speed and broadband backbone in the Internet. In this paper, we propose a logical mesh-based VDB model, which is a highly stable hierarchy of mobile nodes with multi-level radios for wireless transmissions. Based on the proposed model, a logical-location-based routing algorithm combining topology-based routing and location-based routing is proposed. The proposed algorithm uses a novel hole-shadowing-based forwarding strategy in order to avoid holes in the network. The comparative analysis shows that the proposed algorithm outperforms the well-known routing algorithm called GPSR in terms of tolerating the location inaccuracy and communication complexity, with a little larger cost of control complexity. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm achieves short routing delay, which is a prerequisite to achieve the scalability.Index Terms---Mobile ad hoc networks, routing, logical location, virtual dynamic backbone I. INTRODUCTIONMobile Ad hoc NETworks (MANETs) is a very hot research topic in recent years due to their self-organizing, rapidly deployable, dynamically reconfigurable properties. There are two kinds of structures in MANETs: flat and hierarchical. The hierarchical structure scales very well. It can be further categorized into single-level radio hierarchy and multi-level radios hierarchy. In the former, all the Mobile Nodes (MNs) use the same radio; while in the latter, MNs in different tiers use different radios, higher-tier MNs have multi-level radios with different transmission ranges, and these radios operate in different frequency spectra.Routing protocols in MANETs can be categorized into two classes: topology-based and location-based. The former uses the network topology information to compute and maintain routes, while the latter uses geographic location information to help decide the next-hop routing. In location-based routing, people usually assume that a link exists as long as a node resides in the transmission range of another node.The Virtual Dynamic Backbone (VDB) [6] is a sub-graph of the entire network topology, which is proposed in MANETs to seek for similar capabilities of the high speed and broadband backbone in the Internet in supporting efficient data transportation. The utilization of the VDB exploits a hierarchical structure and makes it easy to extend to large-scale MANETs.This paper proposes a two-tier logical Mesh-based VDB (MVDB) model, where the Cluster Heads (CHs) have two-level radios, namely, the radio with short transmission range (i.e., short radio) for communication among cluster members, and the radio with long transmission range (i.e., long radio) for communication between adjacent CHs. Based on the MVDB model, a scalable logical-location-based routing algorithm is proposed, which is a hybrid of topology-based routing and location-based routing. The proposed algorithm uses the logical location to ident...

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Self organized terminode routing simulation

Cited by 72 publications

References 8 publications

Real-world environment models for mobile network evaluation

Real-world environment models for mobile network evaluation

Safari: A self-organizing, hierarchical architecture for scalable ad hoc networking

Logical Location-based Routing with Hole-shadowing in Large-scale MANETs

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