Self‐Organized Fullerene Interfacial Layer for Efficient and Low‐Temperature Processed Planar Perovskite Solar Cells with High UV‐Light Stability

Xie, Jiangsheng; Yu, Xuegong; Huang, Jiabin; Sun, Xuan; Zhang, Yunhai; Yang, Zhili; Lei, Ming; Xu, Lingbo; Tang, Zeguo; Cui, Can; Wang, Peng; Yang, Deren

doi:10.1002/advs.201700018

Cited by 46 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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Section: Perovskite Crystal Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This approach relies on the self-organization of molecules with the chemical structure that is analogous to an existing layer in PSCs. Xie et al [17] focused on the PSC containing 6,6-phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) as an electron transporting layer (Figure 9a,b). The molecule with the analogous structure, [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid 2-((2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)(methyl)amino)ethyl ester (PCBDAN; 14 in Figure 3) was mixed with the precursor of the PCBM layer.…”

Section: Work Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Self‐Assembled Monolayers as Interface Engineering Nanomaterials in Perovskite Solar Cells

Kim

Cho

Byeon

et al. 2020

Advanced Energy Materials

175

164

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process under mild conditions. The abovementioned advantages make perovskites a promising family of materials for the next-generation photovoltaic solar cells. Since the first report on the perovskite solar cell (PSC) by Miyasaka and coworkers in 2009, [1a] considerable efforts have been made to improve the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the PSC to rival those of commercially available silicon solar panels. [1b-e] In a strikingly short period of time, the highest certified PCE has reached a value as high as 25.2% in a single-junction PSC. [2] Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) are 2D nanomaterials with the thickness of one or few molecules. [3] Self-assembly of molecules on the surface is a thermodynamically favorable process where molecules interact with each other to form organized structures. Typically, molecules are vertically aligned on the surface with some tilt angle relative to the surface normal. The molecules are designed to have three parts: the anchoring, the spacer, and the terminal groups (Figure 1). 1) Anchoring group: the anchoring group is responsible for the interaction between the molecule and the surface. Various anchoring groups that bind to specific substrates are available, which provides users the option to select the type of electrode and molecule to suit their intended purpose. The most widely studied class of SAMs is derived from the anchoring chemistries between thiol and coinage metals or between silane and oxide substrates. In SAM-inserted PSCs, various oxide substrates are commonly used for bottom contacts, and few Brønsted-Lowry acids (e.g., carboxylic acid, phosphonic acid, and boronic acid) are extensively utilized (see below for details). Anchoring chemistry matters for the tilt angle of molecule with respect to the surface normal, work function (WF) of substrate, interfacial dipole, contact resistance, and energy offset between the Fermi level and energy of frontier molecular orbital. All of them are essential for the electronic function and performance of PSCs. These effects of SAMs on interfacial properties of PSCs are discussed below. 2) Spacer group: the spacer group is the backbone of the molecule, and it bridges terminal and anchoring groups. The length of the backbone is important for electronically isolating one contact from another. The spacer group is responsible for lateral interaction between molecules during the selfassembly process, which affects the final packing structure. Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs), owing to their unique and versatile abilities to manipulate chemical and physical interfacial properties, have emerged as powerful nanomaterials for improving the performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Indeed, in the last six years, a collection of studies has shown that the application of SAMs to PSCs boosts the performance of devices compared to the pristine PSCs. This review describes recent studies that demonstrate the direct advantages of SAM-based interfacial engineering to power conversion efficiency (PCE) of PSCs. This review includes 1) a b...

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Section: Perovskite Crystal Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Work Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self‐Assembled Monolayers as Interface Engineering Nanomaterials in Perovskite Solar Cells

Kim

Cho

Byeon

et al. 2020

Advanced Energy Materials

175

164

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“…A number of aging pathways have been identified for charge‐transport interlayers, such as spiro‐OMeTAD (hole‐transport layer [HTL]) and TiO x (electron‐transport layer [ETL]) commonly used in n‐i‐p PSCs . Though poly[bis(4‐phenyl)(2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl)amine] (PTAA) and SnO 2 were proposed as more stable HTL and ETL, respectively, the PSCs assembled with these materials degrade under exposure to light and heat .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decoupling Contributions of Charge‐Transport Interlayers to Light‐Induced Degradation of p‐i‐n Perovskite Solar Cells

et al. 2020

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There is growing evidence that the stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is strongly dependent on the interface chemistry between the absorber films and adjacent charge‐transport layers, whereas the exact mechanistic pathways remain poorly understood. Herein, a straightforward approach is presented for decoupling the degradation effects induced by the top fullerene‐based electron transport layer (ETL) and various bottom hole‐transport layer (HTL) materials assembled in p‐i‐n PSCs. It is shown that chemical interaction of MAPbI3 absorber with ETL comprised of the fullerene derivative most aggressively affects the device operational stability. However, washing away the degraded fullerene derivative and depositing fresh ETL leads to restoration of the initial photovoltaic performance when bottom perovskite/HTL interface is not degraded. Following this approach, it is possible to compare the photostability of stacks with various HTLs. It is shown that poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) and NiOx induce significant degradation of the adjacent perovskite layer under light exposure, whereas poly[bis(4‐phenyl)(2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl)amine] (PTAA) provides the most stable perovskite/HTL interface. A time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF‐SIMS) analysis allows identification of chemical origins of the interactions between MAPbI3 and HTLs. The proposed research methodology and the revealed degradation pathways should facilitate the development of efficient and stable PSCs.

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“…The compact layer surface area in planar PSCs is smaller to that of mesoporous metal oxide; however, it is interfacial characteristics that more severely influence device performance . Thus, interface engineering is crucial in this system.…”

Section: Self‐assembled Monolayers (Sams)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SAMs help produce desirable alignments of cascade energy levels by inserting an additional energy level between the perovskite and CTL or electrode, which facilitates electron or hole transport . In some cases, material of which lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) level is lower than that of both the ETL and the perovskite is introduced to maximize electron extraction .…”

Section: Roles Of Self‐assembled Monolayersmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Short Review on Interface Engineering of Perovskite Solar Cells: A Self‐Assembled Monolayer and Its Roles

Choi

Min

et al. 2019

Solar RRL

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Self‐Assembled Monolayers In article number http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/solr.201900251, Jongmin Choi, Taiho Park, and co‐workers report on self‐assembled monolayers that can be anchored to metal oxides and help to transport charges from perovskite. An overview of interface engineering methods for perovskite solar cells is provided, particularly with regards to the types of self‐assembled monolayers and their roles in device energy level alignment and passivation effects.

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Self‐Organized Fullerene Interfacial Layer for Efficient and Low‐Temperature Processed Planar Perovskite Solar Cells with High UV‐Light Stability

Cited by 46 publications

References 47 publications

Self‐Assembled Monolayers as Interface Engineering Nanomaterials in Perovskite Solar Cells

Self‐Assembled Monolayers as Interface Engineering Nanomaterials in Perovskite Solar Cells

Decoupling Contributions of Charge‐Transport Interlayers to Light‐Induced Degradation of p‐i‐n Perovskite Solar Cells

A Short Review on Interface Engineering of Perovskite Solar Cells: A Self‐Assembled Monolayer and Its Roles

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