Self-organization and physicochemical properties of aqueous solutions of the antibodies to interferon gamma at ultrahigh dilution

Abstract

It has been recently shown that manifestation of nonmonotonic concentration dependences of physicochemical properties of highly diluted solutions (10 -20 -10 -6 mol/L) of biologically active compounds (BACs) correlating with their bioeffects is caused by formation and rearrangement of nanoobjects (100-400 nm), referred to as nanoassociates (see review [1] and references therein). It has been revealed that nanoassociates are initiated by a solute under certain conditions, the most essential among which are the presence of external electromagnetic fields, the defi nite structure of the solute, and the procedure of prep aration of solutions. In highly diluted BAC solutions kept in a permalloy container, i.e., at reduced levels of external physical fields, nanoassociates are not formed and the properties of solutions correspond to the prop erties of the solvent, water. Based on analysis of data on self organization and physicochemical and biolog ical properties of highly diluted BAC solutions, we have suggested the method for predicting initiation of bioeffects [2]. Owing to nonmonotonic concentration dependences, these bioeffects are usually observed only in some dilution ranges corresponding to definite calculated concentrations.Numerous studies carried out in recent decades are evidence of the biological activity of highly diluted solutions in which the calculated concentration is much less than 10 -20 mol/L [3,4]. The detected bio logical activity of ultrahighly diluted solutions is prac tically used for drugs containing, as the active ingredi ent, ultralow concentrations of antibodies, proteins produced by immune system cells (lymphocytes). Antibodies are glycoproteins with a complex structure and high molecular weight (150 kDa) belonging to a special class of biomolecules-immunoglobulins. The ability of antibodies to specifically interact with other proteins (antigens) ensures their participation in the anti infection defense, as well as enables their use in regulation of the immune system and in maintaining homeostasis of an organism as a whole. At present, for drugs based on ultrahigh dilutions of antibodies, the safety, efficiency [5][6][7][8], and specific pharmacological effect [9] have been proved at the preclinical and clin ical levels; however, physicochemical causes of their impact on the living organism is not yet clear.In attempts to physicochemically explain the bio logical activity of ultrahigh dilutions, it is logical to use the previously developed approach and understanding of the causes behind the physicochemical properties and biological effects of solutions in the range of lower dilutions corresponding to 10 -20 -10 -6 mol/L [1,2]. This work is aimed at studying, under ambient con ditions and at decreased levels of external physical fields (in a permalloy container), the self organization and physicochemical properties of highly diluted aqueous solutions of polyclonal antibodies to the pro tein interferon gamma. We also intend to establish the correlation between the self organization of high...

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“…The abundance of CP decreases with temperature (Preparata, 1995). No domains stabilize in the absence of the electromagnetic field as predicted by QED and experimentally verified (Preparata, 1995;Konovalov et al, 2014;Ryzhkina et al, 2015). For nonpolar liquids, QED does not predict stabilization of CD rot (Del Giudice et al, 2006).…”

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“…Konovalov extended its DLS measurements to SDVSAS diluted below the Avogadro limit (Ryzhkina et al, 2015b). The group measured the DLS of SDVSAS of polyclonal antibodies to the protein interferon gamma.…”

“…A concise summary of the findings of Ryzhkina et al (2015b) is presented in the next three paragraphs. Following the summary, these findings are analyzed within the context of the QED model of SDVSAS.…”

“…The latter are denoted as a-b SDVSAS p ( i.e., SDVSAS of anti-bodies kept in Permalloy containers). Ryzhkina et al(2015b) also measured the electrical conductivity (χ), the surface tension (σ) and the ΔpH of a-b SDVSAS LB and a-b SDVSAS p . ΔpH is the difference between the pH of the SDVSAS and the pH of the double distilled water with which the SDV-SAS were prepared, (the pH of the distilled water on the day the SDVSAS were prepared).…”

“…For controls, Ryzhkina et al(2015b) prepared samples of serially diluted, vigorously shaken water (SDVSW), (double distilled water which was serially diluted with double distilled water and vigorously shaken after each dilution step).…”