Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose

Skyler, Jay S.

doi:10.1016/s0025-7125(16)31360-8

Cited by 38 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The glycaemic control was assessed by seven determinations of plasma glucose (glycosylated haemoglobin not available) three times a week initially till the control was accomplished and twice a week thereafter. The glucose values were estimated preprandial before breakfast, lunch and dinner and postprandial 2 hours after breakfast, lunch and dinner and at 3.30 A. M. (Skyler 1982). The preprandial glucose value between 80 and 120 mg/dl and postprandial glucose level of less than 180 mg/dl were achieved.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diabetic Oculomotor Mononeuropathy: Involvement of Pupillomotor Fibres with Slow Resolution

Naghmi

Subuhi²

1990

Horm Metab Res

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The third and sixth cranial nerves are most frequently affected in diabetic extraocular mononeuropathies. In diabetic oculomotor involvement the pupil is undisturbed. Of the 21 patients of diabetic oculomotor paralysis 4 patients (19 percent) had dilated unreactive pupil suggestive of pupillomotor involvement. No other cause could be attributed to oculomotor paralysis. These patients showed complete but slow resolution as compared to those without pupil involvement.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diabetic Oculomotor Mononeuropathy: Involvement of Pupillomotor Fibres with Slow Resolution

Naghmi

Subuhi²

1990

Horm Metab Res

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“…DISCUSSION SMBG is a major advance in the management of patients with diabetes mellitus. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] The techniques of SMBG are adapted to enable patients with severe visual loss to use tactile methods. Wipe-off strips are preferred, as they develop a stable color and can be stored for reading at a later time.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Tactile Techniques for Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose in Visually Impaired Patients with Diabetes Mellitus

Prior¹,

Alojado²,

Hunt³

et al. 1984

Diabetes Care

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Twenty-eight patients with type I diabetes mellitus, legally blind as a result of proliferative retinopathy, were recruited into a program designed to teach and evaluate tactile methods for self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG). Vision ranged from "blind" to "able to read large print." Techniques with wipe-off strips (Chemstrip bG or BM Test BG, Boehringer-Mannheim, Canada Ltd., Dorval, Quebec, Canada) use the opposite hand as a guide, operation of timing devices by touch, and special methods for labeling and storing strips. Methods with wash-off strips (Dextrostix, Ames Division, Miles Laboratories, Rexdale, Ontario, Canada) employ the fingers as a guide in directing the wash water. The accuracy of tactile methods was documented. Clinical parameters of glucose control improved in patients with adequate data after 6 mo of tactile SMBG. Glycosylated hemoglobin in 17 patients decreased from 11.3 +/- 2.1% to 9.4 +/- 1.5% (P = 0.005). Patients experienced significantly fewer reactions and low blood sugar readings as well as lowering of mean blood glucose values from 158 +/- 56 to 141 +/- 51 (P = 0.025).

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Self‐monitoring of Blood Glucose

Skyler

2004

International Textbook of Diabetes Mellitus

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Self‐monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) is an essential tool in the management of diabetes. If properly used, SMBG values are employed by the patient to make immediate treatment decisions. The decisions are based on a predetermined action plan that consists of actions designed to achieve blood glucose values within a given target range. Optimal treatment of diabetes is guided by the knowledge of prevailing blood glucose levels. SMBG is an essential component of any intensive therapy program directed toward achieving meticulous glycemic control. SMBG enables therapeutic goals to be clearly defined and permits assessment of glycemic control during ordinary life, thus being complementary to glycated hemoglobin measurements. SMBG determinations are used on an ongoing basis by patients, to aid in the adjustment of the therapeutic regimen. Optimal use of SMBG requires the goals of treatment to be clearly defined and for patients to be taught proper interpretation of the data. Patients need to learn how to use the data to adjust food intake, exercise, or pharmacological therapy to achieve specific glycemic goals. SMBG is the only practical means of detecting asymptomatic hypoglycemia in the outpatient setting. SMBG may also be used to detect temporal glycemic patterns, so that therapy may be modified in an attempt to prevent hypoglycemia. A great advantage of SMBG is its use in intercurrent illness and other emergency situations, in which SMBG allows objective documentation of acute destabilization of diabetic control. Patients may be provided with a home management plan to use during illness. SMBG may be particularly important in children and adolescents who have wide day‐to‐day variations in activity. Instrumental to the use of SMBG is the choice of blood glucose targets. There should be defined blood glucose targets, individualized for the needs of each patient. Frequency of monitoring depends on the treatment program and varies considerably depending on the clinical situation. Knowledge of preprandial, bedtime, and nocturnal blood glucose concentrations is required to determine the appropriate basal and preprandial insulin doses. The best predictor of compliance with SMBG is the perception of improved control with such monitoring. Record keeping is essential to successful treatment, particularly if one is to consider the impact of previous responses. In response to blood glucose fluctuations, the patient must learn how to take appropriate action, predetermined with the diabetes management team.

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Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose

Cited by 38 publications

References 40 publications

Diabetic Oculomotor Mononeuropathy: Involvement of Pupillomotor Fibres with Slow Resolution

Diabetic Oculomotor Mononeuropathy: Involvement of Pupillomotor Fibres with Slow Resolution

Use of Tactile Techniques for Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose in Visually Impaired Patients with Diabetes Mellitus

Self‐monitoring of Blood Glucose

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