Self-Micro Emulsifying Drug Delivery Systems (Smedds): A Review on Physico-Chemical and Biopharmaceutical Aspects

Assadpour

Comp Rev Food Sci Food Safe

et al. 2020

186

108

Nowadays, many consumers prefer foods with a high content of nutraceuticals that contribute to the prevention or healing of chronic diseases. Therefore, in recent years, more and more researchers have studied the bioefficiency, safety, and toxicity of nutraceutical-enriched foods. The key stage of nutraceutical bioefficiency is oral bioavailability, which involves the following processes: the release of nutraceuticals from food matrices or nanocarriers in gastrointestinal fluids, the solubilization of nutraceuticals and their interaction with other components of gastrointestinal fluids, the absorption of nutraceuticals by the epithelial layer, and the chemical and biochemical transformations into epithelial cells. These processes are endogenous factors that greatly influence the bioavailability of nutraceuticals. In addition to endogenous factors, the bioavailability of nutraceuticals is also affected by exogenous factors, such as: physicochemical properties of nutraceuticals, food matrix, food processing and storage, and so forth. Both the endogenous and exogenous factors are comprehensively analyzed in this review. Thus, the physicochemical and enzymatic processes involved in food digestion are described, highlighting the role of each stage of gastrointestinal tract (mouth, stomach, and intestine) in nutraceuticals bioaccessibility. The structure and functions of the mucus and epithelial layers, the mechanisms involved in the active and passive transport of nutraceuticals through the cell membrane, and phase I and phase II metabolism reactions are also discussed. Finally, this review focuses on several types of bioactive-loaded nanocarriers such as lipid-based, surfactant-based, and biopolymeric nanocarriers that improve the bioavailability of nutraceuticals. K E Y W O R D Sbioaccessibility, bioavailability, food matrix, gastrointestinal fate, nanocarriers, nutraceuticals 954

Section: Role Of the Nanocarriers In Improving Nutraceutical Bioavailmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioavailability of nutraceuticals: Role of the food matrix, processing conditions, the gastrointestinal tract, and nanodelivery systems

Assadpour

Comp Rev Food Sci Food Safe

et al. 2020

186

108

Journal of Food Science

“…First, the emulsion formed by SEDS in gastric fluid could maintain the morphological and structural integrity before reaching the intestinal fluid, which may protect the DMY solubilized in inner oil phase from enzymatic degradation during the digestion process. Second, the bioactive components were usually solubilized during the lipid digestion by dissolved in the lipolysis products, which mainly composed of free fatty acids and surfactants of this formulation (Maurya, Arya, Rajpal, & Dhakar, ). Thus, the surfactants and oils in the formulation could play the role in improving absorption.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solid Self‐Emulsifying Delivery System (S‐SEDS) of Dihydromyricetin: A New Way for Preparing Functional Food

Wang

et al. 2019

The present study was aimed at formulating and evaluating a novel solid self-emulsifying delivery system (S-SEDS) for the application in functional foods of dihydromyricetin (DMY). First, solubility study and pseudo-ternary phase diagram analysis were adopted to optimize the formulation of liquid self-emulsifying delivery system (L-SEDS). And the thermodynamic stable L-SEDS with 5% content of DMY was fabricated and further developed into a solid form via vacuum rotary evaporation with Aerosil 300 as the solid adsorbent. Solid state characterization of the S-SEDS was performed by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray powder diffraction. Furthermore, studies proved that the antioxidant activity and bioaccessibility of DMY were improved after incorporated into S-SEDS formulation compared to pure DMY. The S-SEDS showed good resistance against various storage conditions investigated for 10 weeks.Practical Application: Solid self-emulsifying delivery system (S-SEDS) combined the advantages of liquid self-emulsifying delivery system with those of a solid dosage form to overcome the disadvantages associated with liquid formulations is more convenient for storage and transportation in practical application. Furthermore, the technology of producing S-SEDS is simple and can be realized in industrial production. Hence, S-SEDS could be a promising strategy to overcome the poor water solubility and short biological half-life of dihydromyricetin for further application in functional foods and beverage industry.

ScienceRise: Pharmaceutical Science

“…(1). Selection of active pharmaceutical ingredient for SMEDDS: it is most significant to know that the active pharmaceutical ingredient of choice can similarly have a considerable effect on the different features of SMEDDS, for example, phase behaviour and microemulsion particle size [1].…”

Section: Composition Of Smedsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The various technique is utilized to enhance oral bioavailability of the poorly water-soluble drug, the oral route has been the ideal route of drug administration for the endless treatment of diseases as it offers more patient compliance [1]. 40 % of new drug applicants show low solvency in water, which is a test being developed of the ideal oral solid dosage form as far as formulation development and bioavailability of new pharmaceutical preparation [1,2]. Various strategies are used for improving the bioavailability of those medications like the salt arrangement, pH change, βcyclodextrin complex, microemulsion, and so forth [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of formulation and evaluation of self-micro emulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS)

Bahadur¹,

Yadu²,

Baghel³

et al. 2020

Approximately half of the new drug applicants that reach formulation have poor water solubility. Oral delivery has been the main route of drug administration for the chronic treatment of numerous diseases. In different cases, in oral conveyance, 50 % of the medication compound is hampered because of the high lipid soluble or fat soluble of the medication itself. Around 40 % of new drug applicants show low solubility in water, which prompts poor oral bioavailability, high Intra and Intersubject changeability, and deficiency of dose proportionality Aim of review. The main aim of this review article is to gather the information related to design and evaluation of SMEDDS. These information can be utilized to enhance the bioavailability of the poorly aqueous soluble drug for various types of orally administered drugs. In this review article, various literature are reviewed and summerised in single paper to serve as reference guide to various research scholars and researchers working on self-micro-emulsifying drug delivery systems. Materials and Methods. To prepare this manuscript various keywords were searched in different search engine such as Google, Yahoo and Bing etc. This review article reviews the recent work done in the field of SMEDDS. It comprises review of literatures available in public domain and formulation of SMEDDS and its characterization is summarized in this article. Result. The various strategies to developed poor aqueous soluble drug for improvement of bioavailability for example, salt development and molecular size reduction of the compound might be one technique to enhance the dissolution rate of the drug. In any case, these methods have their limitations. SMEDDS is one of the novel applications for the delivery of low water soluble and low bioavailability of drug. SMEDDS is a method to improve the aqueous solubility of the medication; SMEDDS are described as isotropic blenders of oils, surfactants, and co-surfactant. Upon slightly stir followed by dilution with distilled water, for example, gastrointestinal liquids, these techniques can define clear o/w micro emulsion. SMEDDS is first choice and key technology for developing the lipophilic drug and other different factors that chance to affect the oral bioavailability. Conclusions. This review paper attempts to describe the preparation of SMEDDS and furthermore discusses the development of pseudo ternary phase diagram for SMEDDS. It describes the mechanism and method of preparation involved in SMEDDS. The capability of oral absorption of drug compound from the SMEDDS relies upon numerous formulation−related parameters, for example, surfactant concentration, oil/surfactant ratio, and hydrophobicity of emulsion, globule size and charge, in vitro, in vivo all of which basically characterized the ability of self-emulsification. SMEDDS are administered as unit dosage form and it also protect the degradation of drug.