Self-Management of Chronic Disease by Older Adults

Abstract

This article summarizes the literature describing the at-home management of and psychosocial coping with five chronic diseases (heart disease, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, arthritis, and diabetes) by the general population of adults. It also reviews the literature describing self-management of these chronic diseases by older adults. Conclusions drawn subsequent to the review are (a) that there are strong commonalities in the essential nature of tasks that exist across disease entities, (b) that the context for self-management of disease by the ill elderly is likely to differ somewhat from the context for other age groups. Questions for future research are posed.

Use of self‐management behaviors to cope with rheumatoid arthritis stressors

“…Self management has been defined as the day-today tasks individuals undertake to control or reduce the impact of disease and to deal with the psychosocial problems generated or exacerbated by disease (1). Arthritis self-management behaviors commonly reported have included taking medications, using other treatments (e.g., heat, exercise), rest, and talking with friends and family for support or advice (2)(3)(4)(5)(6).…”

Dealing with self-management of chronic illness at work: predictors for self-disclosure

“…Less attention has been paid to the management of chronic illness from the employees' perspective. Self-management includes recognising and responding to symptoms, managing acute episodes, use of medication, managing relations and obtaining support from significant others, and is influenced by contextual factors such as social networks, family support, health care providers, and the physical environment (Clark, Becker, Janz, Lorig, Rakowski & Anderson, 1991;Gallant, 2003). Whilst a significant minority of those managing a chronic illness are likely to be working, there is little evidence as to how work impacts on selfmanagement.…”

The Influence of Employer Support on Employee Management of Chronic Health Conditions at Work

“…There is strong evidence from the healthcare literature that effective self-management of chronic health conditions by patients leads to better overall physical and psychological health outcomes [4,5]. Self-management refers to recognising and responding to symptoms, use of medication, managing the impact of the illness on daily functioning, obtaining support from significant others; and is influenced by contextual factors such as social networks, family support, health care providers, and the physical environment [4,6]. Although occupational health services have a significant role in managing the health and well-being of such employees, and in facilitating employees self-management behaviors; line managers also have a responsibility as they manage the employee on a day to day basis.…”