Self-humidifying Pt–graphene/SiO2 composite membrane for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell

Lee, D.C.; Yang, Haoran; Park, S.H.; Park, K.W.; Kim, W.J.

doi:10.1016/j.memsci.2014.10.001

Cited by 32 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…The hydrophobic oligomer was prepared from 6F‐BPA and DFBP. The synthetic step was similar to our previous study . 1 H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO‐ d 6 ) 7.30‐7.42 (8H).…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 79%

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Effect of functionalized SiO ₂ toward proton conductivity of composite membranes for PEMFC application

et al. 2019

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Summary Organic‐inorganic composite membranes were prepared by introducing silicon dioxide (SiO2) or functionalized SiO2 (ƒ‐SiO2) with various particle sizes into sulfonated poly (arylene ether ketone) (SPAEK) containing pendant groups, and the membrane was manufactured via directly casting which is a cost‐competitive method. The structure and morphology of the composite membranes were confirmed by 1H NMR, FT‐IR, XRD, and FE‐SEM analysis which demonstrated that inorganic nanofillers were successfully introduced. The FE‐SEM surface images showed that SiO2 and ƒ‐SiO2 particles were very well dispersed within the membrane sheets. The water uptake and swelling ratio of the composite membranes including SiO2 or ƒ‐SiO2 almost did not change when compared with the pristine SPAEK membrane. All fabricated membranes demonstrated good thermal/dimensional stabilities, robust mechanical behavior, and excellent proton conductivity. In particular, the SPAEK/ƒ‐SiO2 composite membranes exhibited improved ionic conductivity compared with the pristine membrane at 70% relative humidity (RH) due to hydrogen bonding between ─SO3H groups of functionalized inorganic filler and polymer backbone. Furthermore, the maximum power density of SPAEK/ƒ‐SiO2 reached as high as 273.11 mW cm−2 at 60°C under 70% RH. Therefore, the composite membranes with ƒ‐SiO2 testify to great potential as polymer electrolyte membrane.

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“…The hydrophobic oligomer was prepared from 6F‐BPA and DFBP. The synthetic step was similar to our previous study . 1 H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO‐ d 6 ) 7.30‐7.42 (8H).…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 79%

“…SiO 2 nanoparticle with different particle size (18 and 38 nm) was prepared via hydrolysis and condensation reactions . The synthetic steps were as follows: TEOS (0.6 mL) and absolute ethanol (15.4 mL) were mixed in a 250‐mL beaker under sonication.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of functionalized SiO ₂ toward proton conductivity of composite membranes for PEMFC application

et al. 2019

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“…The authors followed up this work with designing a composite membrane with platinum on graphene in addition to silicon dioxide to improve the "self-humidifying" capabilities of the membrane by using the silica to retain the water produced by the platinum-graphene [182]. The water uptake and proton conductivity of these novel membranes increased with increasing silica content.…”

Section: Carbon Nanomaterials Fillersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Composite Polymers Development and Application for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Technologies—A Review

et al. 2020

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Nafion membranes are still the dominating material used in the polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) technologies. They are widely used in several applications thanks to their excellent properties: high proton conductivity and high chemical stability in both oxidation and reduction environment. However, they have several technical challenges: reactants permeability, which results in reduced performance, dependence on water content to perform preventing the operation at higher temperatures or low humidity levels, and chemical degradation. This paper reviews novel composite membranes that have been developed for PEM applications, including direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs), hydrogen PEM fuel cells (PEMFCs), and water electrolysers (PEMWEs), aiming at overcoming the drawbacks of the commercial Nafion membranes. It provides a broad overview of the Nafion-based membranes, with organic and inorganic fillers, and non-fluorinated membranes available in the literature for which various main properties (proton conductivity, crossover, maximum power density, and thermal stability) are reported. The studies on composite membranes demonstrate that they are suitable for PEM applications and can potentially compete with Nafion membranes in terms of performance and lifetime.

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“…However, a higher degree of sulfonation leads to membrane swelling and eventual dissolution. Graphene as a filler material in the polymer matrix has been investigated to achieve flexible and freestanding composite membranes . Work based on composite membranes of these multilayer graphene or reduced graphene oxide as IEMs will be summarized in this section with focus on their components, synthesis process and performance.…”

Section: D Materials For Ion Exchange Membranesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pt‐G had also been reported with the incorporation of SiO 2 to retain the water by Lee et al Controlling the components proportion to get enhancement in water retention and self‐humidifying properties is needed to achieve the optimum performance. Nafion/Pt‐G/SiO 2 composites were prepared and tested under different humidity conditions of 100% to 0% by the authors.…”

Section: D Materials For Ion Exchange Membranesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single Layer 2D Crystals for Electrochemical Applications of Ion Exchange Membranes and Hydrogen Evolution Catalysts

Pérez-Page

Sahoo

Holmes

2019

Adv Materials Inter

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to be generated in an environmentally benign manner.Fuel cells are electrochemical devices which convert the chemical energy produced by an electrochemical reaction into electricity. Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are one of the most promising systems, and they have been used for stationary and automobile applications as well as for small scale portable devices. Hydrogen as a fuel and oxygen as an oxidant are the most common reactants used for these fuel cells. Other fuels such as methanol and formic acid are also used in PEMFC. The heart of fuel cells is the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) which is composed of two electrodes, the anode and the cathode, and the electrolyte. The electrolyte is a proton exchange membrane (PEM) which allows protons to pass through from anode to cathode side. The membrane needs to have high proton conductivity, electrical insulation, thermal and mechanical strength; it needs to be light weight, flexible, have low permeability to reactant species, resistance to fuel transport, highly durable and facilitate quick electrode kinetics, suitable for use with different fuels, and low in cost. The electrolyte in a fuel cell has three main functions, to act as ion conductor, electronic insulator, and a separator for the reactant gases. [4] Nafion is the most widely used polymeric membrane in PEMFC. It has a particular structure which requires hydration leading to high proton conductivity. It cannot be used at temperatures beyond 100 °C since the proton conductivity decrease when Nafion is not perfectly hydrated. Another drawback of Nafion is fuel crossover, which is the permeability of the fuel from the anode side to the cathode side leading to a decrease in the efficiency of the fuel cell. This particular problem is more significant in direct methanol fuel cells (DMFC) which use methanol as a fuel which can easily permeate through Nafion. In all fuels contexts, great efforts have been made to find a new electrolyte membrane which can replace Nafion, and 2D materials can play an important role in this.Graphene is the name given to a flat monolayer of carbon with a 2D honeycomb lattice and is the basic building block for graphitic materials of all other dimensionalities. [5] It has particular properties such as notably high surface area around 2630 m 2 g −1 , [1,6] exceptionally high electrical conductivity, 104.36 S cm −1 , [1,7] high flexural strength, 44.28 MPa, [1,8] and good chemical and thermal stability, [1,9] which make it a potential material for a large number of applications.The isolation of graphene is considered as the beginning of a new generation of 2D materials and 2D crystals. Because of their particular layered structure, with planar topology and a thickness from single to few atomic layers, which provide them with unique properties, 2D material are expected to have important applications in the next generation of energy systems. Electrochemical energy storage devices such as batteries or supercapacitors have already incorporated these materials as electro...

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Self-humidifying Pt–graphene/SiO2 composite membrane for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell

Cited by 32 publications

References 59 publications

Effect of functionalized SiO ₂ toward proton conductivity of composite membranes for PEMFC application

Effect of functionalized SiO ₂ toward proton conductivity of composite membranes for PEMFC application

Composite Polymers Development and Application for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Technologies—A Review

Single Layer 2D Crystals for Electrochemical Applications of Ion Exchange Membranes and Hydrogen Evolution Catalysts

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Self-humidifying Pt–graphene/SiO2 composite membrane for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell

Cited by 32 publications

References 59 publications

Effect of functionalized SiO 2 toward proton conductivity of composite membranes for PEMFC application

Effect of functionalized SiO 2 toward proton conductivity of composite membranes for PEMFC application

Composite Polymers Development and Application for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Technologies—A Review

Single Layer 2D Crystals for Electrochemical Applications of Ion Exchange Membranes and Hydrogen Evolution Catalysts

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Product

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Effect of functionalized SiO ₂ toward proton conductivity of composite membranes for PEMFC application

Effect of functionalized SiO ₂ toward proton conductivity of composite membranes for PEMFC application