Self‐help in housing and chengzhongcun in China's urbanization

Zhang, Liang; Zhao, Simon Xiaobin; Tian, John Paul Dunne and Nan

doi:10.1111/j.0309-1317.2003.00491.x

Cited by 227 publications

(198 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Floating populations tend to be heterogeneous groups of workers dispersed among a variety of living arrangements throughout cities. Urban villages, while often inhabited by floating populations, tend to be more permanent and concentrate low-income residents, often from the same region of origin (Tian, 2008;Wu, 2009;Zhang, Zhao, & Tian, 2003). At the other extreme, gated communities concentrate wealth and preclude migrants and lower-income residents from residing in certain neighborhoods by inflating the value of real estate (Tian, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Economic segregation in transition China: evidence from the 20 largest cities

Monkkonen¹,

Comandon²,

Zhu

2016

Urban Geography

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Economic segregation in urban areas is important to scholars and policymakers because it is thought to exacerbate inequality in social outcomes such as education, social capital formation, and employment. A growing body of comparative work examines factors associated with higher levels of urban segregation within different countries. Increasingly, this work examines differences between levels of segregation across the income distribution rather than just one measure of segregation per city. China has high levels of income inequality and has undergone a dynamic process of urbanization in recent decades as it transitions from a centrally planned system to one in which markets allocate goods. Using census data from the 20 largest cities in China, we measure the level of economic segregation and examine its determinants. Chinese cities are highly segregated. Segregation levels tend to be higher in larger and richer cities and more pronounced among renters. There is a stronger link between segregation based on housing type and expenditure than between migrant status and expenditures, which leads us to speculate that the pace, timing, and scale of housing development are the dominant drivers of economic segregation. ARTICLE HISTORY

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Economic segregation in transition China: evidence from the 20 largest cities

Monkkonen¹,

Comandon²,

Zhu

2016

Urban Geography

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“…However, the media and many scholars are also concerned about the serious social and environmental drawbacks of living in a migrant enclave. These settlements are typically characterized by overcrowding, a dilapidated built environment, minimal government investment, lagging infrastructure development, and crime [71,74,75]. These negative features of migrant enclaves pose great challenges with regard to urban management and the social inclusion of migrants.…”

Section: Migrants In Chinamentioning

confidence: 99%

Restrained mobility in a high-accessible and migrant-rich area in downtown Beijing

Zhao

2017

Eur. Transp. Res. Rev.

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Purpose Immigrant travel has become an emerging research field in transportation planning. A handful of scholars have studied the travel behavior of residents in immigrant enclaves in North America. However, thus far, there has been no analysis of the travel behavior of residents living in migrant-rich neighborhoods in China. Additionally, previous studies rarely explored whether these (im)migrants could benefit from resources outside the neighborhoods, and the determinants of their travel to destinations outside the neighborhoods. This study aims to fill these research gaps in the literature. We used a migrant-rich area in downtown Beijing as a case study to understand the daily mobility and the determinants, and strategies to enhance mobility of neighborhood residents. Method To answer the above questions, in-depth interview in Dashilar was used in this study. Eighteen migrant workers were recruited by using snowball sampling, and six local residents were recruited as Bobservers^to view the mobility of migrant workers from another perspective. The interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed and coded. Results The research results show that the interviewees had restrained mobility, limited to the area within Dashilar. Their work location was near residence, and they seldom made recreation and social trips. One of the major reasons for this was that their social ties were highly restricted to people from the same hometown. Additionally, time and financial poverty further limited their mobility. Institutional barriers also segregated migrant workers with local people in job market, urban welfare and daily life. In order to improve physical mobility, migrant workers used electric bicycle as their daily travel facility. The use of mobile phone also improved their virtual mobility by facilitating information flow and extending social networks. Moreover, community initiatives such as community activities and volunteers helped to improve their mobility. Conclusions Dashilar is an area with abundant transport resources and activity destination choices, but migrant workers living there still restrained their daily travel within the neighborhood. Although resources within the neighborhood facilitated daily necessities of migrant workers living in Dashilar, they seldom benefited from the resources outside the neighborhood, which played a larger role in promoting their social and cultural assimilation in the city. Their limited local social ties, individual time and money constraints, and institutional factors all contributed to their limited destination motivations and aspirations. To cope with these challenges, migrant workers and communities both adopted several strategies. These strategies could address the above challenges to some extent, but their limitations also fixed mobility of migrant workers. Combination of Internet of mobile phone and community initiatives was a feasible way to link migrant workers and local people, and help them to improve enlarge mobility space.

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“…Because of the collectively-owned nature of the land, the state government failed to halt the massive construction of illegal 103 buildings. To indigenous villagers, the houses not only function to generate rents in the short term but also serve as a bargaining tool for higher compensation in case built land is requisitioned in future for urban development (L. Zhang, Zhao, & Tian, 2003) Based on my fieldwork in Wenzhou, I classified all illegal/informal self-built housing in VICs to three major types: Multi-story, accretion and infilling yards (Fig. 6.6).…”

Section: Rented Housing In Villages: Formal/informalmentioning

confidence: 99%