Self-healing Coatings Loaded by Nano/microcapsules: A Review

Sadabadi, Hamed; Allahkaram, Saeed Reza; Kordijazi, Amir; Rohatgi, Pradeep K.

doi:10.1134/s2070205122020162

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 148 publications

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“…As for the encapsulation, many techniques are currently known. [35] The most commonly used for self-healing materials are those based on in-situ or interfacial polymerization of oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions. They form a polymer shell at the interface between the F I G U R E 5 Schematic of vacuum bag process to manufacture composites with self-healing agent EMMA in particulate or fiber form F I G U R E 6 Schematic of self-healing EMMA in stitched yarn form which improved interlaminar strength in addition to providing healing two phases of a stabilized emulsion.…”

Section: Thermosetting Self-healing Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As soon as the monomers 1 and 2 are in contact, the polymerization occurs at the droplet/emulsion interface to form the microcapsule's shell (Figure 8C). [34,35] Figure 9 represents a schematic drawing of the crack growth in a microencapsulated self-healing composite and its interaction with the healing agent released by the capsules. [32] The crack grows transversely to the applied load, and as it advances and reaches the microcapsule, it ruptures its shell.…”

Section: Thermosetting Self-healing Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As soon as the monomers 1 and 2 are in contact, the polymerization occurs at the droplet/emulsion interface to form the microcapsule's shell (Figure 8C). [ 34,35 ]…”

Section: Self‐healing Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A review on self‐healing polymers and polymer composites for structural applications

et al. 2022

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Polymer composites when employed for structural applications undergo dynamic stresses and strains that initiate fatigue‐induced microcracks, which by their coalescence cause the failure of the materials, thus limiting their service life. To overcome this hurdle, one of the recent approaches relies on the development of smart self‐healing polymers that, analogously to biological systems, can use damage as a trigger to activate the self‐repair phenomenon, thus extending their service life. This work reviews the self‐healing approach in polymer‐based materials for structural applications. It focuses on three main aspects, which are also explained with schematics that illustrate the mechanisms involved. The first aspect describes the different strategies adopted for self‐healing polymeric structures, the self‐healing agents used, as well as the reactions responsible for repairing the damage. The second part is focused on the methods used to disperse the self‐healing agents and catalysts within the polymer systems. The third section details the different self‐healing mechanisms and the effectiveness of self‐healing approaches in terms of mechanical and dynamical‐mechanical behavior of materials. Challenges and future research outlook highlighting the importance of relaxation time and fatigue characterization and to understand the mechanisms and possible improvements are also presented.

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Section: Thermosetting Self-healing Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Thermosetting Self-healing Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A review on self‐healing polymers and polymer composites for structural applications

et al. 2022

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“…Therefore, it is hypothesized that the particle surface has a positive charge and the charge density per unit area is constant. It can be proved that the deposition speed depends on the size [87][88][89].…”

Section: Electrodeposition Mechanism Of Graphene Entry Into Metallic ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene derivatives reinforced metal matrix nanocomposite coatings: A review

et al. 2022

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Due to the extraordinary mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties of graphene, graphene oxide (GO), and reduced graphene oxide (rGO), these materials have the potential to become ideal nanofillers in the electrodeposited nanocomposite coatings. This article provides an overview of literature on the improvements of properties associated with graphene, GO, and rGO-reinforced coatings, along with the processing parameters and mechanisms that would lead to these improvements in electrodeposited metal matrix nanocomposite coatings, where those affected the microstructural, mechanical, tribological, and anti-corrosion characteristics of coatings. The challenges associated with the electroplating of nanocomposite coatings are addressed. The results of this survey indicated that adding graphene into the plating bath led to a finer crystalline size in the composite coating due to increasing the potential development of specific crystalline planes and the number of heterogeneous nucleation sites. This consequently caused an improvement in hardness and in tribological properties of the electrodeposited coating. In graphene reinforced metallic composites, the severe adhesive wear mechanism for pure metallic coatings was replaced by abrasive wear and slight adhesive wear, where the formation of a tribolayer at the contact surface increased the wear resistance and decreased friction coefficient. Furthermore, superhydrophobicity and smaller grain size resulted from embedding graphene in the coating. It also provided a smaller cathode/anode surface ratio against localized corrosion, which has been found to be the main anti-corrosion mechanism for graphene/metal coating. Lastly, the study offers a discussion of the areas of research that need further attention to make these high-performance nanocomposite coatings more suitable for industrial applications.

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“…The two common strategies in creating autonomous self-healing coatings are capsule embedment and vascular systems [9,10]. Many techniques have been used in the past to synthesize nano/microcapsules [11][12][13][14][15][16], however, emulsion/in-situ polymerization and emulsion sol-gel, have become the most widely used methods for synthesizing capsules [17][18][19]. These methods have been used to synthesize organic shell nano/microcapsules, such as poly(urea-formaldehyde) [20], polystyrene [21], polyurethane [22], and polymethylmethacrylate due to the ease and feasibility of the procedure, as well as the controllability of shell thickness and size of the capsule [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and characterization of hybrid shell microcapsules for anti-corrosion Ni-Co coating

et al. 2022

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This paper presents the results of the study of microcapsules synthesized using a novel hybrid shell of polyureaformaldehyde/SiO2 (PUF/SiO2) and a core of linseed oil. The synthesis was accomplished by facial polymerization combined with sol-gel of TEOS, and urea-formaldehyde resin to form the hybrid shell under optimal process parameters. The microcapsules were embedded in a metal coating using the electrodeposition method. Microcapsules were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM, FE-SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), particle size analyzer (PSA), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The experimental results indicated that the average size of capsules synthesized umder the optimum processing parameters were in the range of 5 µm to 200 µm with a hybrid shell thickness of less than 1 µm. The internal surface of the shell contained more SiO2 compared to the external PUF/SiO2 layer, as indicated by EDS. While the internal surfaces were smooth, the outer surface of the microcapsules were composed of rough branched-like structures of urea-formaldehyde particles. It was shown by thermal analysis that initial decomposition starts at 225℃ which proved excellent thermal stability. Electrodeposition was carried out with the current density of 25 mA∙cm-2 to embed the synthesized microcapsules into the Ni-Co alloy coating, which was investigated by SEM, and corrosion test (OCP, LP) to characterize the corrosion behavior of these potentially self-healing coatings.

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Self-healing Coatings Loaded by Nano/microcapsules: A Review

Cited by 12 publications

References 148 publications

A review on self‐healing polymers and polymer composites for structural applications

A review on self‐healing polymers and polymer composites for structural applications

Graphene derivatives reinforced metal matrix nanocomposite coatings: A review

Synthesis and characterization of hybrid shell microcapsules for anti-corrosion Ni-Co coating

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