Self‐Fueled Biomimetic Liquid Metal Mollusk

Zhang, Jie; Yao, Youyou; Sheng, Lili; Liu, Jing

doi:10.1002/adma.201405438

Cited by 351 publications

(294 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Up to now, the search for safe‐handling room‐temperature LMs only narrows down to gallium‐based LMs, a group of alloys consisting gallium and other metals like indium, tin, etc. Recently, self‐powered motor,11 jumper,12 oscillator,13 soft actuators,14, 15, 16 and 2D semiconductor skin17 demonstrated with this class of material shed light on their new possibilities toward more diverse applications. Here, we report a particle‐eating phenomenon of gallium‐based LMs, which mimics the biological phagocytosis process (also known as cellular‐eating, a basic cell behavior referring to the transportation of external particles into cells from across the membranes18, 19, 20, 21), and thus we call it LM‐Phagocytosis.…”

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confidence: 99%

Liquid Metal Phagocytosis: Intermetallic Wetting Induced Particle Internalization

et al. 2017

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A biomimetic cellular‐eating phenomenon in gallium‐based liquid metal to realize particle internalization in full‐pH‐range solutions is reported. The effect, which is called liquid metal phagocytosis, represents a wet‐processing strategy to prepare various metallic liquid metal‐particle mixtures through introducing excitations such as an electrical polarization, a dissolving medium, or a sacrificial metal. A nonwetting‐to‐wetting transition resulting from surface transition and the reactive nature of the intermetallic wetting between the two metallic phases are found to be primarily responsible for such particle‐eating behavior. Theoretical study brings forward a physical picture to the problem, together with a generalized interpretation. The model developed here, which uses the macroscopic contact angle between the two metallic phases as a criterion to predict the particle internalization behavior, shows good consistency with experimental results.

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Liquid Metal Phagocytosis: Intermetallic Wetting Induced Particle Internalization

et al. 2017

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“…Recently, it was also observed that liquid metal like EGaIn or Galistan can self-propel in an electrolyte (e.g. NaOH-solution) when in contact with Aluminum flakes [8]. The resulting redox reaction stimulates a flow inside the liquid metal droplet which in turn propels the droplet in the surrounding electrolyte with a velocity of several droplet diameters per second.…”

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Self-propelled droplets

Seemann

Fleury

Maaß

2016

Eur. Phys. J. Spec. Top.

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Abstract. Self-propelled droplets are a special kind of self-propelled matter that are easily fabricated by standard microfluidic tools and locomote for a certain time without external sources of energy. The typical driving mechanism is a Marangoni flow due to gradients in the interfacial energy on the droplet interface. In this article we review the hydrodynamic prerequisites for self-sustained locomotion and present two examples to realize those conditions for emulsion droplets, i.e. droplets stabilized by a surfactant layer in a surrounding immiscible liquid. One possibility to achieve self-propelled motion relies on chemical reactions affecting the surface active properties of the surfactant molecules. The other relies on micellar solubilization of the droplet phase into the surrounding liquid phase. Remarkable cruising ranges can be achieved in both cases and the relative insensitivity to their own 'exhausts' allows to additionally study collective phenomena.

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“…Interest in this field has increased in a variety of areas such as electronics cooling [9,10], lab on a chip [11,12], flexible electronics [13], printed electronics [14,15], to name but a few. Recently, the motion or deformation characteristics of liquid metal in an electrolyte solution under various configurations have become a focal point of research with several discoveries reported [16][17][18][19][20]. As previously found [16][17][18], a liquid metal sphere immersed in an electrolyte solution can be manipulated to move between a pair of anode and cathode electrodes due to its asymmetrical surface tension.…”

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confidence: 99%

Electromagnetic rotation of a liquid metal sphere or pool within a solution

Wang

Liu

2015

Proc. R. Soc. A.

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A liquid metal electric motor including a pair of concentric ring electrodes, permanent magnet and electrolyte solution is demonstrated. A liquid metal galinstan sphere, along with a NaOH solution, is stimulated to rotate centrifugally around the central electrode and the rotating speed increases with the voltage. The NaOH solution serves to rapidly remove the oxide on the liquid metal surface, reduce the motion friction and provide impetus to the liquid metal. As the mass of the liquid metal is increased to 12.16 g to form a kidney-like body, its rotating speed appears more controllable and the effect of the electrolytic action in the NaOH solution becomes weak in the range of 0-1.82 V. As the mass of the liquid metal is increased to 18.20 g to form a circular ringshaped body, the ideal voltage range for controlling the rotating motion of the liquid metal is 0-0.81 V. The metal fluid rotates at a speed of 1.9 r.p.m., even at an extremely low voltage of 0.03 V. The liquid metal electric motor established here can find important applications in chip cooling, liquid metal pumps, material mixing, soft machine realization, etc.

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Self‐Fueled Biomimetic Liquid Metal Mollusk

Cited by 351 publications

References 34 publications

Liquid Metal Phagocytosis: Intermetallic Wetting Induced Particle Internalization

Liquid Metal Phagocytosis: Intermetallic Wetting Induced Particle Internalization

Self-propelled droplets

Electromagnetic rotation of a liquid metal sphere or pool within a solution

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