Self-disturbances, cognitive biases and insecure attachment as mechanisms of the relationship between traumatic life events and psychotic-like experiences in non-clinical adults – A path analysis

Gawęda, Łukasz; Pionke, Renata; Krężołek, Martyna; Starowicz-Filip, Anna; Kłosowska, Joanna; Frydecka, Dorota; Misiak, Błażej; Kotowicz, Kamila; Samochowiec, Agnieszka; Mak, Monika; Błądziński, Piotr; Cechnicki, Andrzej; Nelson, Barnaby

doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2017.11.009

Cited by 40 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…The one-factor structure of the CD-RISC 10 has since been replicated in many studies on various samples (Notario-Pacheco et al, 2011). The full CD-RISC was found to have an unstable structure across two demographically (Gawęda, Pionke, et al, 2018;. Two subscales included in this study consist of nine items that assess safety behaviours and attention to threat biases (items: 6, 7, 24, 27, 29, 31, 33, 34, 35).…”

Section: Resiliencementioning

confidence: 79%

Mediating role of cognitive biases, resilience and depressive symptoms in the relationship between childhood trauma and psychotic‐like experiences in young adults

Mętel

Arciszewska

Daren

et al. 2019

Early Intervention Psych

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Objectives: The present study aimed to test a hypothetical model where causally linked and ordered cognitive biases, resilience and depressive symptoms serve as mediators of the relationship between early traumatic life events and psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) in the general population of young adults. Methods: Two thousand six hundred and fourteen people (1673 females) took part in the online survey. Participants completed self-report questionnaires measuring exposure to early traumatic life events, PLEs, cognitive biases, resilience and depressive symptoms. Correlation and multiple mediation analyses were performed. Results: All three mediators turned out to be significantly correlated with early trauma, PLEs and with each other. Mediational analysis demonstrated that hypothesized model of causally linked mediators was significant (P ≤ .001) and accounted for 33% (P < .001) of the explained variance in PLEs in comparison to 11% (P ≤ .001) without mediators. Conclusions: First, our results provide evidence for significant associations between early traumatic life events, cognitive biases, depressive symptoms, psychological resilience and PLEs. Second, they indicate significant indirect effects of early trauma exposure on PLEs through a path consisted of cognitive biases, psychological resilience and depressive symptoms that suggest a possible importance of interventions bolstering resilience in young people in order to minimize the severity of depressive and psychotic psychopathology. K E Y W O R D S cognitive biases, depressive symptoms, early trauma, psychotic-like experiences, resilience

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Section: Resiliencementioning

confidence: 79%

Mediating role of cognitive biases, resilience and depressive symptoms in the relationship between childhood trauma and psychotic‐like experiences in young adults

Mętel

Arciszewska

Daren

et al. 2019

Early Intervention Psych

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“…The PQ-16 has satisfactory psychometric characteristics in assessment of PLEs with a specificity and sensitivity of 87% in discriminating patients meeting the criteria of UHR from those who do not meet UHR criteria (Ising et al, 2012). We used a Polish version of the questionnaire (Gaweda et al, 2018b). Cronbach's α for the total score calculated in our sample was 0.87.…”

Section: Psychotic-like Experiences (Ples)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence, dimensionality and clinical relevance of self‐disturbances and psychotic‐like experiences in Polish young adults: a latent class analysis approach.

Pionke

Gidzgier

Nelson

et al. 2019

Int J Methods Psych Res

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Objectives We aimed to investigate latent classes of psychotic‐like experiences (PLEs) and self‐disturbances (SD) and to explore mutual overlapping between derived subgroups. Further, our goal was to investigate class membership relationship with an exposure to childhood trauma and different psychopathological factors such as cognitive biases, depression, insomnia, psychiatric diagnosis and lifetime suicidality. Methods Participants consist of 3167 non‐clinical adults. We performed two latent class analyses (LCA), for PLEs and SD separately, to identify subgroups of individuals with different profiles on PLEs and SD. Associations between psychopathological factors and latent class membership were examined using multinomial logistic regression analysis. Results LCA produced 5 classes within SD and 3 classes within PLEs. Class of the highest endorsement of SD showed 53% overlap with class of the highest endorsement of PLEs. The highest risk of belonging to High Class for both SD and PLEs was associated in particular with depression, cognitive biases and insomnia. Trauma emerged as a significant predictor only for PLEs classes. Conclusions Our findings confirm that high PLEs and SD co‐occur and are concentrated in a relatively small number of individuals, at least in the general population. Their combination may capture the highest risk of psychosis in the general population.

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“…Despite numerous studies showing the association between early trauma and PLEs/psychosis, the mechanisms by which trauma influences the development of psychotic symptoms remain unclear. Several models focusing on psychological and biological mechanisms have been suggested so far and various mediation models have been proposed linking childhood and adolescent trauma with PLEs in nonclinical samples, including different variables such as: perceived stress, external locus of control, negative self-schemas, negative other-schemas [8], cognitive biases [30][31][32], resilience [32], dissociation [8,33], depressive symptoms [34], selfdisturbances [30,31,35], insecure attachment styles [30], borderline personality features [9], and aberrant salience [36].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…So far, the significance of cannabis use [13,27,37,38] as well as cognitive biases [30][31][32] in the relationship between early adversity and PLEs has been examined. However, to the best of our knowledge, to date, there are no studies addressing both risk factors simultaneously.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The interplay between childhood trauma, cognitive biases, and cannabis use on the risk of psychosis in nonclinical young adults in Poland

et al. 2020

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Background. Childhood traumatic events are risk factors for psychotic-like experiences (PLEs). However, the mechanisms explaining how trauma may contribute to the development of PLEs are not fully understood. In our study, we investigated whether cannabis use and cognitive biases mediate the relationship between early trauma and PLEs. Methods. A total sample of 6,772 young adults (age 26.6 ± 4.7, 2,181 male and 3,433 female) was recruited from the general population to participate in an online survey. We excluded 1,158 individuals due to a self-reported lifetime diagnosis of any mental disorder. The online survey included selected items from the following questionnaires: Traumatic Experience Checklist (TEC, 3 items), Childhood Experience of Care and Abuse Questionnaire (CECA.Q, 3 items), Cannabis Problems Questionnaire (CPQ, 10 items), Davos Assessment of Cognitive Biases Scale (DACOBS-18, 9 items), and Prodromal Questionnaire-16 (PQ-16). Mediation analyses were performed with respect to different categories of traumatic experiences (emotional, physical and sexual abuse as well as emotional neglect). Results. Our results showed significant associations of any time of childhood trauma with higher scores of cannabis use (CPQ), cognitive biases (DACOBS), and PLEs (PQ-16) (p < 0.001). We found a direct effect of childhood trauma on PLEs as well as significant indirect effect mediated through cannabis use and cognitive biases. All models tested for the effects of specific childhood adversities revealed similar results. The percentage of variance in PQ-16 scores explained by serial mediation models varied between 32.8 and 34.2% depending on childhood trauma category. Conclusion. Cannabis use and cognitive biases play an important mediating role in the relationship between childhood traumatic events and the development of PLEs in a nonclinical young adult population.

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Self-disturbances, cognitive biases and insecure attachment as mechanisms of the relationship between traumatic life events and psychotic-like experiences in non-clinical adults – A path analysis

Cited by 40 publications

References 86 publications

Mediating role of cognitive biases, resilience and depressive symptoms in the relationship between childhood trauma and psychotic‐like experiences in young adults

Mediating role of cognitive biases, resilience and depressive symptoms in the relationship between childhood trauma and psychotic‐like experiences in young adults

Prevalence, dimensionality and clinical relevance of self‐disturbances and psychotic‐like experiences in Polish young adults: a latent class analysis approach.

The interplay between childhood trauma, cognitive biases, and cannabis use on the risk of psychosis in nonclinical young adults in Poland

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