Self-directedness and the susceptibility to distraction by saliency

Abstract

People with low Self-directedness (SD) tend to explain their behaviour as being significantly influenced by events in the external environment. One important dimension of external cues is their level of salience: highly salient external stimuli are more likely to capture attention, even when such stimuli are not relevant to goals. We examined whether adults reporting low SD would exhibit greater susceptibility to distraction by highly salient external stimuli. Fifty-four (42 males) subjects completed the Attention Modulation by Salience Task (AMST) measuring reaction times to early- or late-onset auditory stimuli in the presence of high- or low-salience visual distractors. SD was assessed via self-report, and analyses tested the relationship between SD and performance on the AMST. Results showed a slowed early response to auditory cues during high salience compared to low salience. Indeed, individuals reporting low SD showed stronger salience interference, suggesting that external causality attribution is accompanied by a subconscious perceptual deficit.

Novelty seeking and reward dependence‐related large‐scale brain networks functional connectivity variation during salience expectancy

“…These pictures were divided into high ( n = 20) and low ( n = 20) salience categories based on previous validation [Musolff, ]. We explained the salience as “a property inherent to the stimulus, intended to attract and maintain participants' attention to the stimulus.” Behavioral characterization of the salience effect of the stimuli used here has been provided by Dinica et al [], who suggested that high salience (hs) stimuli are characterized by high stimulus complexity, high arousal, and a high degree of positive valence compared to low salience (ls) pictures, in which emotionally neutral content is depicted. Half of the selected pictures were preceded by a visual cue (expectancy period) and half were presented instantly following a fixation trial with no preceding visual cues ( n = 10 hs and n = 10 ls pictures).…”

“…Dopaminergic drugs have been found to alter striatal connectivity to subcortical and cortical targets [Metzger et al, ], both during rest and during preceding attention, along with altered attentional responses during a similar experiment [Graf et al, ]. Furthermore, we previously found participants with low self‐directedness personality to be more distracted by high‐salience pictures as compared to low‐salience pictures, using the Attention Modulation by Salience Task, which suggested that personality trait‐shaped behavioral change [Dinica et al, ]. A remaining question is whether the personality traits modulate brain FC between the SN and other brain regions during internal salience expectation.…”

The effect of distraction on change detection in crowded acoustic scenes

“…This method may also be a relevant means for assessing distractibility in the context of individual differences or clinical populations (Sörqvist and Rönnberg, 2014, Dinica et al., 2015, Forster and Lavie, 2015). …”

التوجه الذاتی کمعدل للعلاقة بین العصابیة ومهارة التخطیط لدى طلاب الجامعة

“…‫الرضا‬ ‫تحقق‬ ‫التي‬ ‫امل‬ ‫العو‬ ‫من‬ ‫التخطيط‬ ‫يعد‬ ‫ذلك‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫باإلضافة‬ ‫ليوت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫شيلدون‬ ‫اسة‬ ‫در‬ ‫أشارت‬ ‫المثال‬ ‫سبيل‬ ‫فعلي‬ ‫السعادة‬ ‫و‬ (Sheldon & Elliott,1999) ‫الرضا‬ ‫مصادر‬ ‫أحد‬ ‫تعد‬ ‫أهداف‬ ‫تحديد‬ ‫علي‬ ‫الفرد‬ ‫ة‬ ‫قدر‬ ‫إلى‬ ، ‫وشارك‬ ‫وسميث‬ ‫كاسر‬ ‫و‬ ‫شليدون‬ ‫من‬ ‫كل‬ ‫اسة‬ ‫در‬ ‫وتوصلت‬ (Sheldon, Kasser, Smith & Share,2002) ‫تون‬ ‫وهيثر‬ ‫وكوتس‬ ‫أندوي‬ ‫و‬ (Andrew, Coates & Hetherton, 2008) ‫تون‬ ‫بار‬ ‫اسة‬ ‫ودر‬ ( Barton, 2009 Garcia, et,al,2013, Cloninger: ,Lee, & Chae, 2015, Dinica, , Demenescu, ,Lord, Krause, Kaiser, & Horn, 2015, Müller, Panksepp, & Kiefer ,2016 (Gallagher, 2014, Pedrelli, Nyer, David, Jonathan, Holt, Bril, Alert, Fisher, Maurizio & Farabaugh,2015, Chinneck, Thompson, Mahu, Davis-MacNevin, Dobson &, Stewart, 2018Ibrahim & Abdelreheem, 2015, Hassan, 2017 Reed, Bruch & Haase, 2004, Rogers, Creed & Glendon, 2008, Fayga & Kamal, 2011 .) (Cloninger, Svrakic, .& Przybeck,1993, Martin, Magdalena&, Montag,2010, Danilo, Fariba, Sandor, Thomas, Trevor,& Henrik,2015, Cloninger, Granjard, Amato, Mordadi, & Garia,2018 (Michael, et, al, 2001, Sniehotta, et, al 2005 Michael,et,al ,2001) ) .…”