Self Construal Scales

The role of self-concept in cross-cultural communication

“…Consistent with previous research (Gudykunst et al, 1996;Kim et al, 2001;Pekerti & Thomas, 2003;Sanchez-Burks et al, 2003;Singelis & Brown, 1995;Suzuki & Rancer, 1994), we predict that culture influences communication behaviors in different situations. We adopted the vertical and horizontal dimensions of individualism and collectivism to differentiate our cross-cultural sample and base our predictions due to the broader variation of possible cultural profiles: verticalcollectivism (V-C) and horizontal-collectivism (H-C); vertical-individualism (V-I) and horizontalSelf-Concept in Cross-Cultural Communication 4 individualism (H-I).…”

“…They described people socialized in collectivistic societies as placing more value on social order and harmony (Markus & Kitayama, 1991;Oishi et al, 2004;Singelis, 1994;Singelis & Brown, 1995;Triandis et al, 1993). Actions stemming from a relational motive are labeled sociocentric, indicated by behaviors such as, affiliative, flexible, avoiding arguments, fitting-in with the environment and relevant others and emphasizing group identity (Park &Levine 1999) thus akin to HC communication (Gudykunst et al, 1996;Pekerti & Thomas, 2003).In contrast, a functional approach to communication associated with the motive of achieving (Burgoon & Hale, 1987) are often associated with members of individualistic cultures (Kluckhohn & Strodbeck, 1961;Sanchez-Burks et al, 2003;Triandis, Lisansky, Marín, & Betancourt, 1984). While most communication has both relational and functional purposes, when one is emphasized over the other, such as uncertainty reduction, it relegates the affiliative function to a secondary role.…”

“…Behaviors associated with this task accomplishment motive are labeled idiocentric, indicated by direct communication and other actions such as propensity to argue (Gudykunst et al, 1996;Infante & Rancer, 1996;Pekerti & Thomas, 2003;Suzuki & Rancer 1994).…”

“…This in turn, emphasizes personal identity and task-orientation (Burgoon & Hale, 1987;Gallois et al, 2004; Self-Concept in Cross-Cultural Communication 6 (Park &Levine 1999). Behaviors associated with this task accomplishment motive are labeled idiocentric, indicated by direct communication and other actions such as propensity to argue (Gudykunst et al, 1996;Infante & Rancer, 1996;Pekerti & Thomas, 2003;Suzuki & Rancer 1994).We contend that these behaviors are akin to LC communication modes; please see Figure 1.Extant literature suggests that individuals socialized in individualistic or collectivistic cultures are more likely to have an independent-SC and idiocentric behavior, or interdependent-SC and sociocentric behaviors, respectively (Markus & Kitayama, 1991;Triandis, 1989). Further, other scholars have documented that individualism and collectivism are associated with low-and highcontext communication (Gudykunst et al, 1996;Pekerti & Thomas, 2003).…”

Những Chiến Lược Xin Lỗi Bằng Tiếng Anh Của Người Mĩ Và Người Việt

“…Cách giao tiếp của họ thiên về hướng gián tiếp, mang nhiều ẩn ý và có xu hướng ưu tiên duy trì "việc làm vừa lòng nhau trong ứng xử với cộng đồng (Gudykunst, Matsumoto, Ting-Toomey, Nishida, Kim, & Heyman, 1996). Ngoài ra, người Việt xử lý các tình huống trong xã hội thiên về tình hơn lý (Mạc Giao, 2002), nói cách khác, con người trong xã hội trọng tình cảm và lòng biết ơn, và hướng tới tính hòa thuận trong giao tiếp cộng đồng.…”