Self-concept Changes Related to War Captivity

Sledge, William H.; Boydstun, James A.; A, Rabe

doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1980.01780170072008

Cited by 131 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…For instance, military families are considered to be generally resilient (Sheppard, Malatras, & Israel, 2010); in addition, some research on posttraumatic growth suggests that deployments generally, and traumatic experiences specifically, may be associated with beneficial psychological outcomes (e.g., Bonanno, 2004). These effects have been documented in studies of veterans of the Vietnam War (e.g., Dohrenwend et al, 2004;Feder et al, 2008;Schnurr, Rosenberg, & Friedman, 1993;Sledge, Boydstun, & Rabe, 1980), the Yom Kippur War (e.g., Solomon & Dekel, 2007), the Persian Gulf War (e.g.. Maguen, Vogt, King, King, & Litz, 2006), and, most recently, the OIF/OEF confiicts (Pietrzak et al, 2010). Increases in factors related to resiliency (e.g., access to comprehensive health care, consistent employment, on-base organizations created specifically to support families; Sheppard et al, 2010) or posttraumatic growth following deployment could contribute to the lower rates of mild abuse found in the current study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spouse abuse among United States Air Force personnel who deployed in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom/Operation Enduring Freedom.

Rabenhorst¹,

McCarthy²,

Thomsen³

et al. 2013

Journal of Family Psychology

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The authors examined spouse abuse perpetration among all married U.S. Air Force personnel who deployed in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom/Operation Enduring Freedom. Using Poisson and conditional Poisson regression, they compared rates of spouse abuse perpetration predeployment and postdeployment in the population of married U.S. Air Force personnel who had a combat-related deployment between October 1, 2001 and October 31, 2008 (N = 156,296). Just over 2% (n = 3,524) of deployers perpetrated at least one substantiated incident of spouse physical or emotional abuse within the 308,197,653 days at risk for abuse during the study period. Male deployers perpetrated spouse abuse at approximately twice the rate of female deployers. Regarding changes in rates of spouse abuse perpetration postdeployment versus predeployment among all deployers, the authors found no differences overall; however, several deployer and incident-related characteristics moderated this effect. Rates of emotional abuse, mild abuse, and abuse not involving alcohol were significantly lower postdeployment, whereas rates of moderate/severe abuse and abuse involving alcohol were significantly higher postdeployment. Although the majority of U.S. Air Force deployers did not perpetrate any substantiated incidents of spouse abuse, there was variability in the impact of deployment on spouse abuse rates before versus after deployment. The finding that rates of moderate/severe spouse abuse incidents involving alcohol were higher postdeployment suggests a need for focused prevention/intervention efforts.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spouse abuse among United States Air Force personnel who deployed in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom/Operation Enduring Freedom.

Rabenhorst¹,

McCarthy²,

Thomsen³

et al. 2013

Journal of Family Psychology

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show abstract

“…In this vein, it has been argued that because these perceived benefits are based on denial rather than on accurate reality testing, the adoption of such a "Pollyanna" type response will inhibit recovery and contribute to chronicity of problems (Andersen, 1975). Similarly, Sledge et al (1980) maintained that the sense of having been changed favorably by captivity is a defensive maneuver, aimed at denying a deeper sense of having been impaired by captivity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is possible that detachment facilitates compartmentalization, and allows feelings of growth to exist alongside feelings of suffering and distress. Because they could not change their immediate prison environment, POWs had no other recourse but to withdraw and use detachment as an adaptive coping mechanism (Sledge et al, 1980;Solomon et al, 1999).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Yet, apathy, withdrawal, emotional constriction, and emotion-focused coping have been found to decrease anxiety and stress during captivity (Nardini, 1952;Strentz & Auerbach, 1988). Appraisal findings suggest that the more the subjective suffering, the greater the postcaptivity psychological distress (e.g., Sledge et al, 1980;Solomon, Ginzburg, Neria & Ohry, 1995).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Posttraumatic stress disorder and posttraumatic growth among Israeli ex‐pows

Solomon¹,

Dekel²

2007

Journal of Traumatic Stress

175

122

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In this article, the authors present a prospective study that dealt with pathological (posttraumatic stress disorder; PTSD) and salutary (posttraumatic growth; PTG) outcomes of captivity and the correlates of those outcomes among a sample of ex-prisoners of war (POWs) and a control group of combat veterans. Posttraumatic stress disorder and its correlates were assessed in 1991 and 2003, and PTG was assessed in 2003. The results indicate that ex-POWs exhibited higher levels of PTSD and PTG than did the controls. In addition, both linear and quadratic associations between PTSD and PTG were found. The authors discuss some unresolved issues related to assessment of PTG and salutary outcomes, and outline directions for future research.

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“…A study using self-report questionnaires reported favorable mental changes after captivity, embracing better under standing of self and others with a clearer sense of life's priorities in a sample of former Vietnamese POWs (Sledge, Boydstun, & Rahe, 1980). Results showed that 90% of Americans who were POWs in Vietnam had more constructive life priorities and greater understanding of self and others (Sledge et al, 1980). Correspond ingly, Solomon, Waysman, and Neria (1999) found that favorable changes were more commonly recognized than less favorable ones by Israeli and other war veterans.…”

Section: Posttraumatic Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vietnamese military men’s perceptions of the long-term psychological effects of reeducation camps.

Nguyen

Liu

Phan

et al. 2014

Psychology of Men & Masculinity

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This study explored the long-term psychological effects of reeducation camps among 14 Vietnamese ex-military men currently living in the United States. Using Consensual Qualitative Research Method ology (Hill, Thompson, & Williams, 1997), we investigated perceptions of masculinity, adjustment, posttraumatic stress, forgiveness, and posttraumatic growth. Qualitative results show that for these men, (a) their sense of masculinity did not diminish while in camp; (b) there were no changes in family dynamics after returning from camp; (c) they were still experiencing nightmares of their experiences during war and imprisonment in camps; (d) they experienced mixed emotions about forgiveness; and (e) for them, enduring the camps strengthened their character and built a lasting appreciation for life. Implications for counseling and research are discussed.

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Self-concept Changes Related to War Captivity

Cited by 131 publications

References 6 publications

Spouse abuse among United States Air Force personnel who deployed in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom/Operation Enduring Freedom.

Spouse abuse among United States Air Force personnel who deployed in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom/Operation Enduring Freedom.

Posttraumatic stress disorder and posttraumatic growth among Israeli ex‐pows

Vietnamese military men’s perceptions of the long-term psychological effects of reeducation camps.

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