Self-Care and Self-Management Among Adolescent T2DM Patients: A Review

Abstract

Uncontrolled hyperglycaemia can lead to macro- and microvascular complications. Adolescents with T2DM develop similar complications as in adults, including cardiovascular disease, stroke, myocardial infarction, renal insufficiency, and chronic renal failure. Although regular medical follow-up is essential to avoid long-term complications, patients with diabetes mellitus need to perform holistic self-care activities such as opting for a healthy diet, physical activity, self-monitoring, and proper medication. To the best of our knowledge, only a limited number of studies have focused on self-care activities and self-management, including self-care practices, supportive networks, and self-care education programs in adolescent with T2DM. Some of the studies focused on the appreciation of self-care in adolescents with T2DM. This review aimed to analyse self-care and self-management among adolescents with T2DM, and discuss the impact of self-care and self-management on glycaemic control. The difficulties faced by adolescents in self-managing their disease are also highlighted. Such information is essential for healthcare providers in promoting self-care practices among adolescents with T2DM. A thorough search of the literature was performed using three databases: Medline, Google Scholar, and Scopus. The articles focused on self-care and self-management of adolescents patients with T2DM aged between 12 and 19 years old were included. Findings from this review reveal that healthy food adaptation, adequate physical activity, proper medication practices, and regular glucose monitoring are the most common self-care practices. Parental involvement and clinician encouragement also contribute toward the practice of self-care and self-management among the adolescents with T2DM. In conclusion, independent self-management regimens and supportive networks for appropriate administration are vital factors to enhance clinical outcomes of adolescents with T2DM.

<p>Polish Adaptation of the Self-Care of Diabetes Inventory (SCODI)</p>

“…Selfcare is an important issue for prevention and management of T2DM. 6 Self-care of a diabetic patient is defined as a continuous process of knowledge and skills based on the patient's awareness to be an active and knowledgeable participant in the treatment process. Self-care in diabetes assumes that the patient will practise behaviours that include an appropriate diet, avoidance of high fat intake, increased physical activity, glycaemic monitoring and regular foot evaluation.…”

Effects of mobile health interventions on improving glycemic stability and quality of life in patients with type 1 diabetes: A meta‐analysis

“…Professionals can interact with patients to provide motivational support and suggestions through the platform of a mobile device, thereby increasing engagement in treatments. Because glycemic stability depends on self‐management and engagement in treatment (Eva et al, 2018), the use of mHealth‐based technologies should be considered an alternative health service to reduce HbA1c levels in patients with T1D. Furthermore, the characteristics of data uploading, transmission, and communication can be considered important functions for performing mHealth‐based strategies in diabetes care.…”

“…Optimal blood glucose levels depend on self‐management behaviors including symptoms awareness, diligence in blood glucose monitoring, frequent adjustment of medications, and participation in carbohydrate control and regular exercise plans (Eva et al, 2018). However, teenagers may experience numerous obstacles to achieving and maintaining target blood glucose levels, including negative reactions from their peer group, perceived social pressure, and disordered eating (Borus & Laffel, 2010).…”

Hubungan Tingkat Pengetahuan Dan Diabetes Self-Management Dengan Tingkat Stres Pasien Diabetes Melitus Yang Menjalani Diet

“…Aikens (2012) (Eva, et al, 2018). Responden melaporkan bahwa hal ini dikarenakan jumlah warung makan atau toko yang menjual makanan sesuai dengan diet diabetes sulit ditemukan, dan juga karena tenaga kesehatan tidak melakukan home visit secara teratur untuk pasien DM yang tidak dapat pergi ke Puskesmas.…”