Self-Calibrated Quadrature Generator for WLAN Multistandard Frequency Synthesizer

Valero-Lopez, A.Y.; Moon, Sung Tae; Sánchez-Sinencio, E.

doi:10.1109/jssc.2006.872712

Cited by 18 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…However, RC phase shifters and cascading of oscillators are needed to maintain quadrature accuracy across the tuning range, limiting its practical applications. Another method that enables four phase generation without frequency division is the use of poly-phase filters [12]. Such filters are passive and attenuate signals.…”

Section: Traditional Quadrature-generation Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In terms of this average tank capacitance, we define the resonant frequency, , of the PPR as follows: (12) The resonant frequency is independent of the drive frequency and is changed by tuning the accumulation-mode varactor. We will next prove that by tuning with respect to , we are able to establish a quadrature-centered phase-tunable relationship between the tank voltage and the drive voltage.…”

Section: Phase-tunable Quadrature Generationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Phase-Interpolation and Quadrature-Generation Method Using Parametric Energy Transfer in CMOS

Bhardwaj

Lee

2015

IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I

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This work focuses on generation of quadrature clocks with high phase accuracy and low noise, while reducing area and power consumption. The design objective is to make these quadrature oscillators suitable for applications in power-and area-constrained SOCs. We demonstrate in this work quadrature clock generation using parametric capacitance modulation in CMOS technology. We present a quadrature-generation method that is based on parametric energy transfer to an LC resonator. The phase-sensitive nature of parametric pumping is used to generate a signal in quadrature with an incoming clock signal. The design also provides the capability of phase interpolation about quadrature, which is useful in many applications. The detailed system implementation is demonstrated and experimentally verified through a prototype in 65 nm CMOS.

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Section: Traditional Quadrature-generation Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Phase-tunable Quadrature Generationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Phase-Interpolation and Quadrature-Generation Method Using Parametric Energy Transfer in CMOS

Bhardwaj

Lee

2015

IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I

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“…Each sub-carrier can carry independent data, increasing the robustness of the system. OFDM systems suffer from non-linearity of RF devices and quadrature imbalances [20] [19]. In order to ensure the fitness of the RF device, determination of these performance parameters is essential.…”

Section: Ofdm Modulation Schemementioning

confidence: 99%

Low cost characterization of RF transceivers through IQ data analysis

Acar

Ozev

2007

2007 IEEE International Test Conference

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As Radio Frequency (RF) devices become more complex and the integration levels increase, their testing becomes more challenging. In order to guarantee successful operation and compliance to certain specifications, measurement of a large number performance parameters under the prescribed operation conditions is needed. Such detailed characterization typically necessitates long test times and expensive instrumentation, increasing the test cost. In this paper, we present a low cost test methodology that determines the RF device's vital performance parameters, such as path gain, IIP3, quadrature imbalances, noise, bit error rate (BER), and error vector magnitude (EVM) through a single test setup. The proposed test methodology is applicable for both single carrier systems and multi-carrier systems. Simulation and measurement results indicate that these performance parameters can be calculated and estimated accurately through a single test set-up and using a shorter test sequence than required by traditional techniques.

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“…This work compares favorably with a calibration loop based on polyphase filters [6] and injection-locked oscillators (ILO) [3]. As shown in Fig.…”

mentioning

confidence: 93%

A 3.1mW phase-tunable quadrature-generation method for CEI 28G short-reach CDR in 28nm CMOS

Bhardwaj

Narayan

Shumarayev

et al. 2013

2013 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference Digest of Technical Papers

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Generating quadrature phases at low area and power overhead from a two-phase clock without frequency conversion is desirable for half-rate CDR architectures. This is useful for both embedded and forwarded clock systems, where quadrature generation by dividers, ring oscillators or coupled LC-VCOs is common. For example, [1] uses LC-VCOs followed by 2:1 dividers to generate the half-rate clocks for both TX and RX in a 28Gb/s transceiver. However, such an approach tends to be power-and area-inefficient for multi-lane implementations at data rates of 25Gb/s and beyond.We present a quadrature generation method that uses two 30×30μm 2 0.85nH inductors and consumes 3.1mW at 13.5GHz, excluding buffering, while generating quadrature phases at the same frequency with an accuracy of 1.5°. The method generates quadrature signals by adding 20% to the power consumed by a differential LC-VCO. This method is implemented in 28nm CMOS in a receiver designed for 28G very-short-reach and short-reach applications [2]. The receiver exhibits a BER <10 -12 for a 2 7 -1 PRBS pattern through a 7-inch backplane possessing a loss of 6dB at 12GHz. In addition, it also offers the de-skew capability that injection-locked receivers [3] and analog phase interpolators are capable of providing.The quadrature generator uses parametric pumping of a capacitor to produce a phase-shifted version of the driver signal. Similar to injection-locked dividers, it allows us to break the trade-off between quadrature accuracy and phase noise inherent in coupled quadrature LC VCOs. Unlike such dividers, it does so at the same frequency. In this case, the injection is into a resonator, not an independent oscillator, so frequency lock is always guaranteed.The single-ended version of the method is shown in Fig. 23.7.1. Similar to [4], a three-terminal MOS capacitor is used for parametric energy transfer. The resonator consists of a low-Q inductor, a thick-oxide accumulation-mode varactor and a pumped thick-oxide NMOS capacitor. The driver switches the drain-source voltage of the NMOS capacitor between 0V and 1V, changing its capacitance rapidly from inversion to depletion and vice-versa. To conserve the charge stored at the gate, the gate voltage rises for a negative capacitance change or falls for a positive capacitance change, and energy transfer takes place. The efficiency of such a parametric energy transfer mechanism depends on the relative capacitance change (ΔC/C) and the absolute value of the gate voltage (V gate ), and is maximized at the signal peaks when the current through the capacitor is zero [4]. As the tank's resonant frequency approaches the driver's frequency, the peaks of the tank signal get aligned to the zero crossings of the driver, leading to optimal pumping and creating a quadrature relationship between the driver and the tank signals. Such a phase selectivity enables a straightforward way of providing a one-quarter period delay with the use of a single driver stage, thus mitigating the need to use multiple delay stages. The phase noise of t...

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Self-Calibrated Quadrature Generator for WLAN Multistandard Frequency Synthesizer

Cited by 18 publications

References 12 publications

A Phase-Interpolation and Quadrature-Generation Method Using Parametric Energy Transfer in CMOS

A Phase-Interpolation and Quadrature-Generation Method Using Parametric Energy Transfer in CMOS

Low cost characterization of RF transceivers through IQ data analysis

A 3.1mW phase-tunable quadrature-generation method for CEI 28G short-reach CDR in 28nm CMOS

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