Self-calibrated interferometric-intensity-based optical fiber sensors

Wang, A.; Xiao, Hai; Wang, J.; Wang, Z.; Zhao, Wei; May, Russell G.

doi:10.1109/50.956136

Cited by 166 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Fiber Fabry-Pérot interferometers ͑FFPIs͒ have also been widely used as sensors. 2,3,16,17 Compared to a single FBG, the FFPI sensors possess narrower resonance peaks and are more desirable for high accuracy wavelength measurement. 2,3,9,18 To that end we propose and demonstrate an etch-eroded FFPI sensor formed by two FBGs.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly sensitive fiber Bragg grating refractive index sensors

Liang

Huang

et al. 2005

Applied Physics Letters

580

254

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We combine fiber Bragg grating ͑FBG͒ technology with a wet chemical etch-erosion procedure and demonstrate two types of refractive index sensors using single-mode optical fibers. The first index sensor device is an etch-eroded single FBG with a radius of 3 m, which is used to measure the indices of four different liquids. The second index sensor device is an etch-eroded fiber Fabry-Pérot interferometer ͑FFPI͒ with a radius of ϳ1.5 m and is used to measure the refractive indices of isopropyl alcohol solutions of different concentrations. Due to its narrower resonance spectral feature, the FFPI sensor has a higher sensitivity than the FBG sensor and can detect an index variation of 1.4ϫ 10 −5 . Since we can measure the reflection signal, these two types of sensors can be fabricated at the end of a fiber and used as point sensors. Since the early 1990s, fiber Bragg grating ͑FBG͒ sensors have been intensively developed due to their many desirable advantages such as the small size, absolute measurement capability, immunity to electromagnetic interference, wavelength multiplexing, and distributed sensing possibilities. [1][2][3][4][5] Thus far, the FBG sensors' capability to measure physical quantities such as the temperature, strain, pressure, etc., has been studied extensively. [2][3][4][5][6][7][8] However, the use of FBG sensors for detection of environmental refractive index change has not been fully explored. Refractive index sensing is important for biological and chemical applications since a number of substances can be detected through measurements of the refractive index. [2][3][4][8][9][10][11][12][13] For normal FBGs, removal of the fiber cladding is required to increase the evanescent field interaction with the surrounding environment. This concept has been demonstrated using D-shaped fiber and sidepolished fiber. 9,11,12 In both cases, the strength and durability of the sensor were greatly reduced. Special fiber was also needed, which would raise the costs and limit the possible applications. Long-period fiber gratings have also been demonstrated to have high sensitivity to the refractive index of the ambient media, 2,3,13-15 however, their multiple resonance peaks and broad ͑typically tens of nanometers͒ transmission resonance features limit the measurement accuracy and their multiplexing capabilities. 9 In addition, the relatively long length of the grating limits their application as point sensor devices.In this letter, we first demonstrate a single etch-eroded FBG sensor using standard single-mode telecommunication fiber ͑Corning SMF-28͒. Fiber Fabry-Pérot interferometers ͑FFPIs͒ have also been widely used as sensors. 2,3,16,17 Compared to a single FBG, the FFPI sensors possess narrower resonance peaks and are more desirable for high accuracy wavelength measurement. 2,3,9,18 To that end we propose and demonstrate an etch-eroded FFPI sensor formed by two FBGs. The FFPI sensor is used to measure the refractive index of isopropyl alcohol ͑IPA͒ solutions of different concentrations, exhibiting the capabi...

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly sensitive fiber Bragg grating refractive index sensors

Liang

Huang

et al. 2005

Applied Physics Letters

580

254

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“…Each sensor is fabricated by insertion of two fibers into a fused-silica hollow glass tube. The process is somewhat different from normal tube-based fiber optic sensor fabrication 21 because, whereas one end of a capillary is thermally bonded to the lead-in fiber, the reflecting fiber is left free to move in the other end of tube. The process is repeated for the other side of the beam, such that a sensor is fabricated on each side.…”

Section: Operational Principle Of the Self-compensation Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Still, the principal advantages of tubing-based fiber optic interferometric sensors are well established and have been demonstrated to be effective for high-sensitivity and high-accuracy measurements of a variety of other physical parameters such as temperature, pressure, and strain. 20,21 Thus these sensors are attractive for use in the design of flow sensors as well. To overcome the especially harsh conditions of the down-hole oil environment and its unique requirements with respect to temperature sensitivity, pressure isolation, sensitivity to high flow rate, and large dynamic range, a self-compensating fiber optic interferometric flow sensor system has been designed and developed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-compensating fiber optic flow sensor system and its field applications

et al. 2004

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A self-compensating fiber optic flow sensor system based on the principle of broadband white-light interferometers and cantilever beam bending is described. The fiber optic sensor system uses two fiber ferrule sensors that are bonded on either side of a cantilever beam to measure the flow rate by monitoring the air-gap changes caused by the bending of the cantilever beam. Cross sensitivity of the temperature and pressure dependence of the sensor can be compensated for automatically. The prototype sensor system was constructed, laboratory characterized, and field tested. The results from the field testing have demonstrated high resolution, repeatability, and stability for on-line detection of the flow rates of fluids.

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“…The Center for Photonics Technology at Virginia Tech developed an optical fiber-based sensor technology, the Self-Calibrated Interferometric/Intensity-Based (SCIIB) fiber sensor [2]. To our knowledge, this was the first time to successfully realize the combination of fiber interferometry and intensity-modulated sensing in a single sensor element.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Fiber Sensor Technologies for Efficient and Economical Oil Recovery

Wang¹,

Cooper²,

Pickrell³

2003

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Efficient recovery of petroleum reserves from existing oil wells has been proven to be difficult due to the lack of robust instrumentation that can accurately and reliably monitor processes in the downhole environment. Commercially available sensors for measurement of pressure, temperature, and fluid flow exhibit shortened lifetimes in the harsh downhole conditions, which are characterized by high pressures (up to 20 kpsi), temperatures up to 250°C, and exposure to chemically reactive fluids. Development of robust sensors that deliver continuous, real-time data on reservoir performance and petroleum flow pathways will facilitate application of advanced recovery technologies, including horizontal and multilateral wells.

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Self-calibrated interferometric-intensity-based optical fiber sensors

Cited by 166 publications

References 5 publications

Highly sensitive fiber Bragg grating refractive index sensors

Highly sensitive fiber Bragg grating refractive index sensors

Self-compensating fiber optic flow sensor system and its field applications

Optical Fiber Sensor Technologies for Efficient and Economical Oil Recovery

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