Self-awareness after acquired brain injury

Noé, Enrique; Ferri, Jamie; Caballero, María Cristina; Villodre, R.; Sanchez, A.; Chirivella, Javier

doi:10.1007/s00415-005-0625-2

Cited by 87 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(36 reference statements)

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“…In a review paper, Ownsworth and Clare [7] concluded that the majority of studies supported or partially supported the idea that self-awareness deficits are associated with poorer outcomes. In contrast, other work suggests little evidence of a relationship between self-awareness and outcome [3,21,22]. For example, Cheng and Man [3] found that greater self-awareness, as measured by the Self-Awareness of Deficits Interview (SADI), did not predict increased difficulties with instrumental activities of daily living (IADL).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-awareness and traumatic brain injury outcome

Robertson

Schmitter‐Edgecombe

2015

Brain Injury

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Primary Objective Impaired self-awareness following a traumatic brain injury (TBI) can reduce the effectiveness of rehabilitation, resulting in poorer outcomes. However, little is understood about how the multi-dimensional aspects of self-awareness may differentially change with recovery and impact outcome. Thus, we examined four self-awareness variables represented in the Dynamic Comprehensive Model of Awareness: metacognitive awareness, anticipatory awareness, error-monitoring, and self-regulation. Research Design We evaluated change of the self-awareness measures with recovery from TBI and whether the self-awareness measures predicted community reintegration at follow-up. Methods and Procedures Participants were 90 individuals with moderate to severe TBI who were tested acutely following injury and 90 age-matched controls. Forty-nine of the TBI participants and 49 controls were re-tested after 6 months. Main Outcome and Results Results revealed that the TBI group’s error-monitoring performance was significantly poorer than controls at both baseline and follow-up. Regression analyses revealed that the self-awareness variables at follow-up were predictive of community reintegration, with error-monitoring being a unique predictor. Conclusions Our results highlight the importance of error-monitoring and suggest that interventions targeted at improving error-monitoring may be particularly beneficial. Understanding the multi-dimensional nature of self-awareness will further improve rehabilitation efforts and understanding of the theoretical basis of self-awareness.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-awareness and traumatic brain injury outcome

Robertson

Schmitter‐Edgecombe

2015

Brain Injury

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“…Although the neuropsychological underpinnings of SA have yet to be fully established (Prigatano, 2005) reduced SA has frequently been linked to memory impairment (e.g., Agnew & Morris, 1998;Starkstein et al, 1995;Noe et al, 2005), and findings within our own laboratory have demonstrated a close relationship between SA and sustained attention (for an overview, see Robertson, 2010). Given that the PFC is particularly vulnerable to the effects of aging (e.g., Hedden & Gabrieli, 2004), and that memory and attentional capacities are known to decline with increasing age (see Balota, Dolan, & Duchek, 2000 for a review), there is basis for hypothesizing that the capacity for SA may be reduced in older adults.…”

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confidence: 97%

Older adults have diminished awareness of errors in the laboratory and daily life.

Harty

O’Connell

Hester

et al. 2013

Psychology and Aging

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Poor recognition of the degree or scope of one's own cognitive deficits is a common feature of many neurological conditions, including diseases of aging, but little is known about the impact the natural aging process has on this aspect of self-awareness (SA). Here, a group of 45 healthy older adults and a comparison group of 45 young adults completed a multidomain assessment of SA. Awareness of daily functioning was evaluated based on discrepancies between self- and informant ratings on questionnaire measures of attentional control, memory functioning, and socioemotional functioning. Online error awareness was also assessed using a variant of the Go/No-Go Error Awareness Task (EAT) in which participants are required to signal commission errors via a separate manual response. Whereas younger participants tended to underestimate their attentional control and memory functioning relative to informant reports, older adults significantly overestimated their abilities. The older adults also exhibited substantially poorer online error awareness compared with young adults, despite the fact that the two groups were matched for overall accuracy. Levels of online error awareness were significantly correlated with discrepancy scores for daily attentional and memory functioning, and with performance of a sustained attention task. These novel findings suggest that an important aspect of the neuropsychology of healthy aging has hitherto been overlooked.

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“…Subsequent actions are thought to be more likely to reduce self-discrepancies and to meet inner identity standards established by important others, as well as societal and cultural values [38]. In other words, an intact sense of self-awareness supports a complete understanding of one’s own behavior in terms of right/wrong, good/bad, and value based on societal standards [39]. This capability is helpful for learning skills and adjusting strategies for interacting with others.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influences of Agents with a Self-Reputation Awareness Component in an Evolutionary Spatial IPD Game

Huang

Lee

2014

PLoS ONE

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Iterated prisoner’s dilemma (IPD) researchers have shown that strong positive reputations plus an efficient reputation evaluation system encourages both sides to pursue long-term collaboration and to avoid falling into mutual defection cycles. In agent-based environments with reliable reputation rating systems, agents interested in maximizing their private interests must show concern for other agents as well as their own self-reputations–an important capability that standard IPD game agents lack. Here we present a novel learning agent model possessing self-reputation awareness. Agents in our proposed model are capable of evaluating self-behaviors based on a mix of public and private interest considerations, and of testing various solutions aimed at meeting social standards. Simulation results indicate multiple outcomes from the addition of a small percentage of self-reputation awareness agents: faster cooperation, faster movement toward stability in an agent society, a higher level of public interest in the agent society, the resolution of common conflicts between public and private interests, and a lower potential for rational individual behavior to transform into irrational group behavior.

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Self-awareness after acquired brain injury

Abstract: The level of self-awareness after acquired brain injury is a useful prognostic index of the neuropsychological, psychopathological and functional status of the patient. We recommend the evaluation of this symptom after acquired brain injury due to its clinical relevance.

Cited by 87 publications

References 36 publications

Self-awareness and traumatic brain injury outcome

Self-awareness and traumatic brain injury outcome

Older adults have diminished awareness of errors in the laboratory and daily life.

Influences of Agents with a Self-Reputation Awareness Component in an Evolutionary Spatial IPD Game

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