Self-automated parking lots for autonomous vehicles based on vehicular ad hoc networking

Using exit time predictions to optimize self automated parking lots

“…If the vehicle in red wants to exit the park, all vehicles behind it must be moved in order to create an exit path. Adapted from [Fea14].…”

“…Recently, a simple proposal that leverages on technology such as electric propulsion or wireless vehicular connectivity has addressed the issue of car parking, arguing that through a collaborative approach to the parking of cars, the area per car could be reduced to nearly half, when compared to the area per car in a conventional parking lot. This approach, known as self-automated parking lots [Fea14], works as follows. An electric vehicle (EV) is left at the entrance of a parking lot by its driver.…”

“…If a blocked car wants to leave the parking lot, the PLC also sends messages to move the other vehicles, in order to create an exit path. In [Fea14] it was shown that this concept could reduce the area per vehicle to nearly half, as well as reduce the overall mobility of cars in the parking lot, when compared to a conventional parking lot. However, in the original paper, a first-fit strategy was used to initially park each vehicle.…”

“…It has been shown that parking represents 75% of the variable costs of automobile commuting [SA + 05], supported by a major public subsidisation of the space devoted to car parking, where the user does not pay in more than 95% of the occasions [Sho06]. Such free parking has high costs to the municipalities, not only for the area occupied by the vehicle and on the pollution generated through the route it adopted to get there, but also by the surrounding area, which allows passengers to get in and out of the car or even other vehicles to get in and out of the park [Fea14]. CHAPTER 1.…”

Capacity Impacts and Optimal Geometry of Automated Cars’ Surface Parking Facilities

“…Three prior studies have studied aspects of the spatial efficiency of AV parking (Ferreira et al [42], Timpner et al [43], and Estepa et al [44]). Ferreira et al investigated "stacked" storage of AVs, in which a parked vehicle blocked in by other vehicles would be accessed by the blocking vehicles shunting themselves (without human input).…”