Self-assembly of nanoparticles at interfaces

Böker, Alexander; He, Jinbo; Emrick, Todd; Russell, Thomas P.

doi:10.1039/b706609k

Cited by 535 publications

(488 citation statements)

References 163 publications

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“…intrinsic ionic strength equivalent to 1 mM NaCl), the number of NPs that could be adsorbed to the LLI under an RCF of 9391g in 10 minutes was 4.0 ± 0.1Í10 10 NPs from a bulk aqueous solution containing 2.75Í10 11 NPs in total. The low ionic strength of the solution means that the electrostatic repulsion acts over a longer distance inhibiting oncoming particles from adsorbing to the interface.…”

Section: Salt Concentration Dependence On Np Adsorption and Plasmon Rmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…33 It is beyond the scope of this work to give a detailed account of these forces, especially when comprehensive review articles have been published on these interactions. 11, 34,35 However, for clarity the balance of forces and a pictorial representation of NP adsorption to the LLI are shown in Figure 1.From an experimental perspective, characterizing these interfaces can be an equally challenging task. For example, invaluable insight has come from experiments utilizing grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering to study the assembly of small CdSe nanocrystals at a toluene-water interface 36 in which it was determined that the particles form a close packed, but disordered liquid-like structure.…”

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Plasmonic Ruler at the Liquid–Liquid Interface

et al. 2012

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We report on a simple, fast, and inexpensive method to study adsorption and desorption of metallic nanoparticles at a liquid/liquid interface. These interfaces provide an ideal platform for the formation of two-dimensional monolayers of nanoparticles, as they form spontaneously, cannot be broken, and are defectcorrecting, acting as 2D 'nanoparticle traps'. Such two-dimensional self-assembled nanoparticle arrays have a vast range of potential applications in displays, catalysis, plasmonic rulers, optoelectronics, sensors and detectors. Here, we show that 16 nm diameter gold nanoparticles can be controllably adsorbed to a water/1,2-dichloroethane interface, and we can direct the average inter-particle spacing at the interface over the range 6-35 nm. The particle density and average inter-particle spacing are experimentally assessed by measuring the optical plasmonic response of the nanoparticles in the bulk and at the interface, and by comparing the experimental data with existing theoretical results.Keywords: liquid-liquid interface, Plasmonic Ruler, Nanoparticles, Self Assembly, Centrifugation. Nanoparticle (NP) adsorption at liquid-liquid interfaces (LLI) is a well established phenomenon that was first reported independently more than a century ago by Ramsden and Pickering. 1, 2 More recently, plasmonic NPs at LLIs have been reported to possess novel "metal liquid like" properties 3 that have sparked a renewed interest. Driven by the growing need for cheap, fast and reproducible bottom-up assembly for nanotechnological applications, the unique optical, 4 magnetic, 5 electrical 6 and chemical 7 properties of such films has attracted intensive research in a rapidly growing field.NP assemblies at LLIs hold great promise in diverse fields ranging from electrovariable optics 8 to templates for hierarchical self assembly, 9 and plasmonic rulers. 10 One of the main benefits of localising NPs at a LLI for these applications is the aforementioned self-assembly. 11 Currently, most technological applications of nanoassemblies are based around solid-state fabrication. Although the control that the solid interface offers is unparalleled, it does have several drawbacks when compared to a LLI. One such drawback is topological defects -these can be introduced either during or post-manufacturing and are extremely difficult to correct. In fact it is often easier to fabricate a new device rather than attempting to repair defects. Conversely, a LLI system has the ability to self-correct without any external manipulation. 12 An additional drawback of a solid state system becomes clear when introducing the exciting concept of a plasmonic ruler. [13][14][15] The coupling between excitations of localized plasmons in NPs can allow for precise spatial information. This concept has been demonstrated between 2D arrays, 10 particle dimers 14 at solid interfaces and tethered NPs in bulk solution. 16 It has even been recently demonstrated to provide 3-dimensional structural information. 17 The use of plasmonic particles at the LLI sh...

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Section: Salt Concentration Dependence On Np Adsorption and Plasmon Rmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasmonic Ruler at the Liquid–Liquid Interface

et al. 2012

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“…Step i can be done by positioning particles at the air-solid, [72][73][74][75][76] air-liquid, [77] liquid-liquid, [78,79] or liquid-solid interface. [10,11,17] In cases where a solid template is implemented, the particle positions at the interface are manually adjusted.…”

Section: Templatingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication, Assembly, and Application of Patchy Particles

Pawar

Kretzschmar

2010

Macromol. Rapid Commun.

444

411

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The site‐specific engineering of colloidal surfaces has provided a powerful approach to pushing the boundaries of today's materials research. The resulting surface‐anisotropic and patchy particles have become the center of vital research areas, ranging from the need for large‐scale fabrication techniques to exploring new applications of these materials. This Review summarizes patchy particle fabrication techniques, including but not limited to particle and nanosphere lithography and glancing‐angle deposition. The variety of existing patchy particle fabrication techniques is revealed and the need for a scalable approach to high‐volume patchy particle production is identified. Ongoing modeling efforts describing patchy particle interactions and properties are reviewed as potential predictive tools. Research endeavors that deal with the directed assembly of patchy particles in electric and magnetic fields, as well as with supraparticular assembly through chemical interactions, are discussed. The Review is concluded with a note on the future application of patchy particles as phoretic motors.magnified image

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“…The addition of colloids, nanoparticles (NPs) or small molecules to polymers has been studied for a wide range of applications ranging from paints 1 to self-healing networks 2 and organic electronics. 3 Understanding the miscibility and conformation of polymer/NP solutions is key to the solution processing of nanocomposite materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conformation and Interactions of Polystyrene and Fullerenes in Dilute to Semidilute Solutions

Dattani¹,

Michels

Nedoma³

et al. 2014

Macromolecules

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We report the polymer conformation and fullerene aggregation in a ternary system containing polystyrene, C 60 and toluene measured by small angle neutron, static and dynamic light scattering. We investigate polymer concentrations across the dilute and semidilute regime for five polymer molecular weights (M w =20k-1Mg/mol), and fullerene concentrations below and above its miscibility threshold in toluene.We find that the polymer radius of gyration (R poly g ), hydrodynamic radius (R h ) * To whom correspondence should be addressed † Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom ‡ Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom ¶ Physikalische Chemie, Universität Paderborn, 33098 Paderborn, Germany § Institut Laue-Langevin, DS/LSS, F-38 042 Grenoble, France Materials Department, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom 1 and the mixture correlation length (ξ) remain unchanged upon addition of C 60 .The miscibility of C 60 in toluene, however, decreases upon addition of polystyrene forming aggregates with a time-dependent radius on the order of 100 nm, and this effect is amplified with increasing polymer M w . Our findings are relevant to the solution processing of organic photovoltaics, which generally require the effective solubilisation of fullerene derivatives and polymer pairs in this concentration range.

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Self-assembly of nanoparticles at interfaces

Cited by 535 publications

References 163 publications

Plasmonic Ruler at the Liquid–Liquid Interface

Plasmonic Ruler at the Liquid–Liquid Interface

Fabrication, Assembly, and Application of Patchy Particles

Conformation and Interactions of Polystyrene and Fullerenes in Dilute to Semidilute Solutions

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