Self-assembly of carbon black into nanowires that form a conductive three dimensional micronetwork

Levine, Lyle E.; Long, Gabrielle G.; Ilavský, Ján; Gerhardt, Rosario A.; Ou, Runqing; Parker, Charles A.

doi:10.1063/1.2425011

Cited by 17 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Several polymer-matrix nanocomposites containing similar microstructures have also been previously reported by our group. [1,[20][21][22][23] To the authors' knowledge, there have been no other papers that describe the spherical-to-polyhedral transition in morphology which takes places for the PMMA polymer matrix powders used in this study. However, despite the rarity of these results, it should not be surprising since the development of polyhedra is typical in the formation of a 'space-filling' microstructure.…”

Section: Discussion Of Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Measurements of the widths of the nanosize channels have been obtained for similarly prepared PMMA/CB nanocomposites using USAXS scattering [30] and are reported elsewhere. [23] Figure 4 displays the optical transmission micrograph and a cross-section SEM image of a PMMA/ITO composite containing 2.91 wt % ITO. The optical micrograph for this composite (Fig.…”

Section: Full Papermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1,[20][21][22][23] This structure was observed to form for a variety of polymer matrix composites when nanoscale size fillers were used and certain processing steps were followed. In the case of PMMA/Carbon black (CB) nanocomposites [1,21,23] and ABS/CB nanocomposites [22] previously reported, it was shown that the polymer powders became polyhedrally-shaped upon compaction, [1,21,22] which resulted in segregated networks of carbon black that appeared similar to that of straight nanowires and the formation of an interconnected 3-dimensional network. [1,23] This arrangement of the filler was responsible for remarkable percolation thresholds of 0.26 vol % CB [1] and 0.0027 vol % CB [22] in the PMMA/CB nanocomposites and ABS/CB nanocomposites, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the case of PMMA/Carbon black (CB) nanocomposites [1,21,23] and ABS/CB nanocomposites [22] previously reported, it was shown that the polymer powders became polyhedrally-shaped upon compaction, [1,21,22] which resulted in segregated networks of carbon black that appeared similar to that of straight nanowires and the formation of an interconnected 3-dimensional network. [1,23] This arrangement of the filler was responsible for remarkable percolation thresholds of 0.26 vol % CB [1] and 0.0027 vol % CB [22] in the PMMA/CB nanocomposites and ABS/CB nanocomposites, respectively. However, it is believed that further analysis is necessary beyond what was originally proposed by Turner and coworkers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A high matrix/filler particle size ratio has been found to be necessary in achieving low percolation thresholds and good segregated network microstructures in polymer matrix composites. [1,2,[9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]29] The electrical conductivity of the PMMA/ITO composites as a function of ITO content is shown in Figure 2. The error bars include data from at least three different specimens fabricated under the same conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Novel Percolation Mechanism in PMMA Matrix Composites Containing Segregated ITO Nanowire Networks

Capozzi¹,

Gerhardt²

2007

Adv Funct Materials

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Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)/indium tin oxide (ITO) nanocomposites were prepared by mechanical mixing and compression molding in order to study the properties and microstructure of the composites. The composites were examined by optical and scanning electron microscopy, impedance spectroscopy, and UV‐VIS spectrophotometry. It was observed that upon compaction of the powders above the glass‐transition temperature of the matrix, the PMMA transforms from spherical to polyhedral‐shaped, and develops sharp edges and flat faces. The ITO nanoparticles do not penetrate the polymer particles, resulting in a novel segregated network microstructure. Excellent correlation between the electrical, optical, and microscopy data also provide good insight about the behavior of the filler as the content is increased in the nanocomposites. There is strong evidence that the ITO nanoparticles are extensively displaced during compaction as the PMMA powders become polyhedral‐shaped. Our results indicate that percolation occurs due to the ITO forming a continuous network along the edges of the faceted PMMA particles. The ITO nanoparticles do not appear on the faces of the PMMA particles until after a percolation path has formed and a marked increase in electrical conductivity has occurred. This behavior significantly diverges from previous models for segregated network microstructures which proposed that percolation occurred as the result of limited displacement of the filler during compaction of the mixed powders.

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Section: Discussion Of Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Full Papermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Novel Percolation Mechanism in PMMA Matrix Composites Containing Segregated ITO Nanowire Networks

Capozzi¹,

Gerhardt²

2007

Adv Funct Materials

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Colloid‐Assisted Self‐Assembly of Robust, Three‐Dimensional Networks of Carbon Nanotubes over Large Areas

Jurewicz

King

Worajittiphon

et al. 2010

Macromol. Rapid Commun.

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Natural materials, such as bone and spider silk, possess remarkable properties as a result of sophisticated nanoscale structuring. They have inspired the design of synthetic materials whose structure at the nanoscale is carefully engineered or where nanoparticles, such as rods or wires, are self-assembled. Although much work has been done in recent years to create ordered structures using diblock copolymers and template-assisted assembly, no reports describe highly ordered, three-dimensional nanotube arrays within a polymeric material. There are only reports of two-dimensional network structures and structures on micrometer-size scales. Here, we describe an approach that uses plasticized colloidal particles as a template for the self-assembly of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) into ordered, three-dimensional networks. The nanocomposites can be strained by over 200% and still retain high conductivity when relaxed. The method is potentially general and so may find applications in areas such as sensing, photonics, and functional composites.

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Tune the phase morphology to design conductive polymer composites: A review

Xie

Zhu

2017

Polymer Composites

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Conductive polymer composites (CPCs) can endow the insulating polymer materials with conductive function via loading the conductive fillers into polymer matrices, which have received intensive attention from both the academy and industry. Since the electronic transmission is based on the conductive network in the polymer matrices, the electrical properties of the CPCs depend on not only the electrical qualities of the conductive fillers but also the phase morphologies of the composites. Though great progress has been made in designing the CPCs by tuning the phase morphology, only very limited reviews focused on this issue. In this article, recent developments in utilizing various phase morphologies such as the co-continuous morphology and the segregated morphology to design CPCs with the controllable electrical properties are systematically reviewed. Finally, an overview of the current challenges and further developments of CPCs is discussed. POLYM. COMPOS., 00:000-000,

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Self-assembly of carbon black into nanowires that form a conductive three dimensional micronetwork

Cited by 17 publications

References 11 publications

Novel Percolation Mechanism in PMMA Matrix Composites Containing Segregated ITO Nanowire Networks

Novel Percolation Mechanism in PMMA Matrix Composites Containing Segregated ITO Nanowire Networks

Colloid‐Assisted Self‐Assembly of Robust, Three‐Dimensional Networks of Carbon Nanotubes over Large Areas

Tune the phase morphology to design conductive polymer composites: A review

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