of all-dielectric nanoantennas [10,12,13] and metasurfaces. [2,9,11,14,15] In previous works on all-dielectric nonlinear nanostructures, the building blocks (nanoparticles) were considered as objects with dielectric permittivity homogeneously distributed over nanoparticle (NP). Therefore, in order to manipulate the propagation angle of the transmitted light, it was proposed to use complicated nanostructures with reduced symmetry. [13,17,18] On the other hand, plasma explosion imaging technique [19] revealed in situ strongly asymmetrical electronhole plasma (EHP) distribution in various dielectric NPs during their irradiation by femtosecond laser pulses. Therefore, local permittivity in the photoexcited NPs can be significantly inhomogeneous, and symmetry of nanoparticles can be reduced.In this paper, we show theoretically that ultrafast photoexcitation in a spherical silicon NP leads to a strongly inhomogeneous EHP distribution, as is shown schematically in Figure 1. To reveal and analyze this effect, we perform a full-wave numerical simulation. We consider an intense femtosecond (fs) laser pulse to interact with a silicon NP, supporting Mie resonances and two-photon EHP generation. In particular, we couple finite-difference timedomain (FDTD) method used to solve 3D Maxwell equations with kinetic equations, describing nonlinear EHP generation. 3D transient variation of the material dielectric permittivity is calculated for NPs of several sizes. The obtained results propose a novel strategy to create complicated nonsymmetrical nanostructures by using single photoexcited spherical silicon NPs. Moreover, we show that a dense EHP can be generated at deeply subwavelength scale (<λ/10), supporting the formation of small metalized parts inside the NP. In fact, such effects transform a dielectric NP to a hybrid metal-dielectric one, extending the functionality of the ultrafast optical nanoantennas.
Modeling DetailsWe focus attention on silicon because this material is promising for the implementation of numerous nonlinear photonic devices. This advantage is based on a broad range of optical nonlinearities, two-photon absorption, as well as a possibility of the photoinduced EHP excitation. [20] Furthermore, silicon nanoantennas demonstrate a sufficiently high damage threshold due to the high melting temperature (≈1690 K), whereas silicon All-dielectric nonlinear nanophotonic devices are extremely prospective for ultrafast optical signal processing at the nanoscale. High refractive index (e.g., silicon) nanoparticles supporting magnetic optical response are shown to be suitable for ultrafast all-optical modulation. A strong modulation of the dielectric permittivity is achieved via photogeneration of free carriers in the regime of simultaneous excitation of both the electric and magnetic Mie resonances and the off-resonant regimes, resulting in an effective transient reconfiguration of nanoparticle scattering properties. Here, the effects of the related optical inhomogeneities in 3D are examined by coupling numerical electr...